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Income Tax Act 2007
Income Tax Act 2007
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Income Tax Act 2007
Part C Income
Subpart CA—General rules
CA 1 Amounts that are income
Amounts specifically identified
(1)
An amount is income of a person if it is their income under a provision in this Part.
Ordinary meaning
(2)
An amount is also income of a person if it is their income under ordinary concepts.
Defined in this Act: amount, income
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CA 1
CA 2 Amounts that are exempt income or excluded income
What this section does
(1)
This section identifies the subparts in this Act that deal with exempt income and excluded income.
Exempt income
(2)
An amount of income of a person is exempt income if it is their exempt income under a provision in subpart CW (Exempt income) or CZ (Terminating provisions).
Excluded income
(3)
An amount of income of a person is excluded income if—
(a)
it is their excluded income under a provision in subpart CX (Excluded income) or CZ; and
(b)
it is not their non-residents’ foreign-sourced income.
Defined in this Act: amount, excluded income, exempt income, non-residents’ foreign-sourced income
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CA 2
Subpart CB—Income from business or trade-like activities
Contents
Business generally
CB 1 Amounts derived from business
Income
(1)
An amount that a person derives from a business is income of the person.
Exclusion
(2)
Subsection (1) does not apply to an amount that is of a capital nature.
Defined in this Act: amount, business, income
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CB 1
CB 2 Amounts received on disposal of business assets that include trading stock
When this section applies
(1)
This section applies in an income year when—
(a)
a person (person A) who owns or carries on a business disposes of some or all of the assets of the business to another person (person B); and
(b)
the disposal is made outside the ordinary course of the business, or to put an end to the business or a part of it; and
(c)
the assets consist of or include trading stock of the business, or a share or interest in trading stock.
Assessable income of person A
(2)
An amount that person A receives from the disposal of the trading stock is taken into account in determining their income for the income year. The amount is derived at the time of disposal referred to in subsection (1).
Price of acquisition by person B
(3)
In the calculation of the taxable income of person B for the income year or a later income year, person B is treated as acquiring the trading stock for the amount of the disposal referred to in subsection (2).
Disposal
(4)
In this section, a disposal—
(a)
includes the passing of property by an exchange, gift, distribution under a will or on intestacy; and
(b)
does not include a disposal under any of sections FC 3 to FC 8 (which relate to distributions after death) that is not at market value.
Relationship with section CB 1
(5)
This section overrides section CB 1.
Defined in this Act: amount, assessable income, business, dispose, distribution, income year, market value, property, taxable income, trading stock
Compare: 2004 No 35 s FB 3
Schemes for profit
CB 3 Profit-making undertaking or scheme
An amount that a person derives from carrying on or carrying out an undertaking or scheme entered into or devised for the purpose of making a profit is income of the person.
Defined in this Act: amount, income
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CB 2
Personal property
CB 4 Personal property acquired for purpose of disposal
An amount that a person derives from disposing of personal property is income of the person if they acquired the property for the purpose of disposing of it.
Defined in this Act: amount, income, personal property
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CB 3
CB 5 Business of dealing in personal property
An amount that a person derives from disposing of personal property is income of the person if their business is to deal in property of that kind.
Defined in this Act: amount, business, income, personal property
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CB 4
Land
CB 6A Disposal within 2 years: bright-line test for residential land
Income if land disposed of within 2 years
(1)
An amount that a person derives from disposing of residential land is income of the person if the person’s bright-line end date is within 2 years of their bright-line start date.
Meaning of bright-line start date
(2)
A person’s bright-line start date for their disposal of residential land is given in column 3 of the following table if the condition in column 2 of the relevant row is met for the person and the disposal:
| Row | Condition to be satisfied | Bright-line start date for person’s disposal of residential land |
| 1 | If none of the other rows apply | The date on which the instrument to transfer the land to the person was registered under the Land Transfer Act 2017 |
| 2 | Land outside New Zealand | The date on which the instrument to transfer the land to the person was registered under foreign laws of a similar nature to the Land Transfer Act 2017 |
| 3 | An instrument to transfer the land to the person was not registered before the person’s bright-line end date | The date the person acquired an estate or interest in the land under section CB 15B |
| 4 | The land was acquired from another person on completion of a land development or subdivision | The date the sale and purchase agreement for the developed or subdivided land was entered into |
| 5 | The land results from the person subdividing their land (the undivided land) | The person’s bright-line start date for the undivided land |
| 5B | The land results from the person subdividing land they co-own | The date given by section CW 3C (Certain partitions or subdivisions of land) |
| 6 | The land is a freehold estate converted from a lease with perpetual right of renewal | The date of the grant of the leasehold estate |
| 7 | A joint tenancy is converted to a tenancy in common or a tenancy in common is converted to a joint tenancy | To the extent the person’s share or notional share in the land is unchanged, the person’s bright-line start date for the land before the conversion |
| 8 | A change of trustees | Where land is transferred from a trustee of a trust (trustee A) to another trustee of the trust (trustee B) as a result of a change in trustees, trustee B’s bright-line start date is the bright-line start date trustee A had for the land |
| How to use this table: Read column 2 from top to bottom to find the condition that applies. For the condition in column 2 that is met, the person’s bright-line start date is the date in column 3 of that same row. | ||
Transfers of land to and from existing landowners
(3)
For the purposes of subsection (2), when a person who owns land (pre-existing land) has more land transferred to them (the transferred land) or transfers part of their pre-existing land (also the transferred land) to another person, the instrument of transfer for the transferred land is treated as being for the transferred land only and not being for the pre-existing land.
Meaning of bright-line end date
(4)
Bright-line end date, for a person’s disposal of residential land, means—
(a)
the earliest of—
(i)
the date the person enters into an agreement for the disposal:
(ii)
the date on which the person makes a gift of the land:
(iii)
the date on which the land is compulsorily acquired under any Act by the Crown, a local authority, or a public authority:
(iv)
if there is a mortgage secured on the land, the date on which the land is disposed of by or for the mortgagee because the mortgagor defaulted; or
(b)
if none of paragraph (a)(i) to (iv) apply, the date on which the estate or interest in the land is disposed of.
When this section does not apply
(5)
This section does not apply—
(a)
to a disposal of land by—
(i)
an executor or administrator who acquired the land in the circumstances described in section FC 1(1)(a) (Disposals to which this subpart applies):
(ii)
a beneficiary who acquired the land in the circumstances described in section FC 1(1)(b):
(b)
if—
(i)
any of sections CB 6 to CB 12 apply:
(ii)
section CB 16A applies:
(iii)
section FC 9 (Residential land transferred to executor, administrator, or beneficiary on death of person) applies.
Relationship with subject matter
(6)
This section is modified by sections FB 3A, FO 10, and FO 17 (which provide rollover relief for land transferred on settlement of relationship property or company amalgamation) and subpart FD (Rollover relief from the bright-line test).
Defined in this Act: amount, bright-line end date, bright-line start date, dispose, income, land, lease, leasehold estate, local authority, mortgage, New Zealand, own, public authority, residential land, trust, trustee, year
Section CB 6A: replaced, on 1 July 2024, by section 8(3) (and see section 8(4) for application) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2023–24, Multinational Tax, and Remedial Matters) Act 2024 (2024 No 11).
Section CB 6A table row 5B: inserted (with effect on 1 July 2024), on 29 March 2025, by section 5(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2024–25, Emergency Response, and Remedial Measures) Act 2025 (2025 No 9).
Section CB 6A(5): replaced (with effect on 1 July 2024), on 29 March 2025, by section 5(2) (and see section 5(3) for application) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2024–25, Emergency Response, and Remedial Measures) Act 2025 (2025 No 9).
CB 6AB Residential land transferred in relation to certain family trusts and other capacities
[Repealed]Section CB 6AB: repealed, on 1 July 2024, by section 127 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2023–24, Multinational Tax, and Remedial Matters) Act 2024 (2024 No 11).
CB 6AC Residential land transferred in relation to certain Māori family trusts
[Repealed]Section CB 6AC: repealed, on 1 July 2024, by section 127 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2023–24, Multinational Tax, and Remedial Matters) Act 2024 (2024 No 11).
CB 6AE Certain transfers of residential land included in settlement of claim under the Treaty of Waitangi
[Repealed]Section CB 6AE: repealed, on 1 July 2024, by section 127 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2023–24, Multinational Tax, and Remedial Matters) Act 2024 (2024 No 11).
CB 6 Disposal: land acquired for purpose or with intention of disposal
Income
(1)
An amount that a person derives from disposing of land is income of the person if they acquired the land—
(a)
for 1 or more purposes that included the purpose of disposing of it:
(b)
with 1 or more intentions that included the intention of disposing of it.
Exclusions
(2)
Subsection (1) is overridden by the exclusions for residential land in section CB 16 and for business premises in section CB 19.
Land partially disposed of or disposed of with other land[Repealed]
(3)
[Repealed]Defined in this Act: amount, business, dispose, income, land
Compare: 2004 No 35 ss CB 5, OB 1 “land”
paragraph (a)(i)
Section CB 6(3) heading: repealed (with effect on 1 April 2008 and applying for the 2008–09 and later income years), on 30 March 2017, pursuant to section 8(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CB 6(3): repealed (with effect on 1 April 2008 and applying for the 2008–09 and later income years), on 30 March 2017, by section 8(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
CB 7 Disposal: land acquired for purposes of business relating to land
Income
(1)
An amount that a person (person A) derives from disposing of land is income of person A if—
(a)
both the following apply:
(i)
at the time person A acquired the land they, or an associated person, carried on a business of dealing in land; and
(ii)
person A acquired the land for the purpose of the business; or
(b)
both the following apply:
(i)
at the time person A acquired the land they, or an associated person, carried on a business of developing land or dividing land into lots; and
(ii)
person A acquired the land for the purpose of the business; or
(c)
all the following apply:
(i)
at the time person A acquired the land they, or an associated person, carried on a business of erecting buildings; and
(ii)
person A acquired the land for the purpose of the business; and
(iii)
before or after acquiring the land person A, or the associated person, made improvements to it.
Exclusions
(2)
Subsection (1) is overridden by the exclusions for residential land in section CB 16 and for business premises in section CB 19.
Defined in this Act: amount, associated person, business, dispose, improvements, income, land
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CB 6
CB 8 Disposal: land used for landfill, if notice of election
An amount that a person derives from disposing of land is income of the person if—
(a)
the person uses the land as a landfill before disposing of the land; and
(b)
at the time of disposal, the land is not being used as a landfill; and
(c)
the person acquiring the land is not an associated person; and
(d)
the person notifies the Commissioner of an election that the land be subject to this section by the day that is the later of the following:
(i)
the day that is 12 months after the day on which the person acquires the land:
(ii)
24 June 2006; and
(e)
the person makes an election under paragraph (d) for all land that the person acquires and uses as a landfill; and
(f)
any person associated with the person makes an election under paragraph (d) for all land that the associated person acquires and uses as a landfill.
Defined in this Act: associated person, Commissioner, dispose, notice, notify
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CB 6B
Section CB 8(c): substituted, on 1 April 2010 (applying for the 2010–11 and later income years), by section 7(1) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
Section CB 8(d): amended, on 2 June 2016, by section 5(1) of the Taxation (Transformation: First Phase Simplification and Other Measures) Act 2016 (2016 No 27).
Section CB 8 list of defined terms notice: inserted, on 2 June 2016, by section 5(2) of the Taxation (Transformation: First Phase Simplification and Other Measures) Act 2016 (2016 No 27).
Section CB 8 list of defined terms notify: inserted, on 2 June 2016, by section 5(2) of the Taxation (Transformation: First Phase Simplification and Other Measures) Act 2016 (2016 No 27).
CB 9 Disposal within 10 years: land dealing business
Income
(1)
An amount that a person derives from disposing of land is income of the person if—
(a)
they dispose of the land within 10 years of acquiring it; and
(b)
at the time they acquired the land, they carried on a business of dealing in land, whether or not the land was acquired for the purpose of the business.
Income: associated person in business of dealing in land
(2)
An amount that a person (person A) derives from disposing of land within 10 years of acquiring it is income of person A if a person (person B) associated with them at the time the land was acquired carried on a business of dealing in land, whether or not—
(a)
person A carried on a business of dealing in land; or
(b)
the land was acquired for the purpose of person B’s business.
Exclusions
(3)
Subsection (2) is overridden by the exclusions in sections CB 15C and CB 15D, for bodies linked or associated with a local authority and for companies in the same wholly-owned group as Kāinga Ora–Homes and Communities, and subsections (1) and (2) are overridden by the exclusions in sections CB 16 and CB 19, for residential land and for business premises.
Defined in this Act: amount, associated person, business, dispose, income, Kāinga Ora–Homes and Communities, land, year
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CB 7
Section CB 9(3): replaced (with effect on 1 July 2017), on 18 March 2019, by section 116 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2018–19, Modernising Tax Administration, and Remedial Matters) Act 2019 (2019 No 5).
Section CB 9(3): amended (with effect on 1 October 2019), on 23 March 2020, by section 190 of the Taxation (KiwiSaver, Student Loans, and Remedial Matters) Act 2020 (2020 No 5).
Section CB 9 list of defined terms Kāinga Ora–Homes and Communities: inserted (with effect on 1 October 2019), on 23 March 2020, by section 190 of the Taxation (KiwiSaver, Student Loans, and Remedial Matters) Act 2020 (2020 No 5).
CB 10 Disposal within 10 years: land development or subdivision business
Income
(1)
An amount that a person derives from disposing of land is income of the person if—
(a)
they dispose of the land within 10 years of acquiring it; and
(b)
at the time they acquired the land, they carried on a business of developing land or dividing land into lots, whether or not the land was acquired for the purpose of the business.
Income: associated person in business of developing or subdividing land
(2)
An amount that a person (person A) derives from disposing of land within 10 years of acquiring it is income of person A if a person (person B) associated with them at the time the land was acquired carried on a business of developing land or dividing land into lots, whether or not—
(a)
person A carried on a business of developing land or dividing land into lots:
(b)
the land was acquired for the purpose of person B’s business.
Exclusions
(3)
Subsection (2) is overridden by the exclusions in sections CB 15C and CB 15D, for bodies linked or associated with a local authority and for companies in the same wholly-owned group as Kāinga Ora–Homes and Communities, and subsections (1) and (2) are overridden by the exclusions in sections CB 16 and CB 19, for residential land and for business premises.
Defined in this Act: amount, associated person, business, dispose, income, Kāinga Ora–Homes and Communities, land, year
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CB 8
Section CB 10(3): replaced (with effect on 1 July 2017), on 18 March 2019, by section 117 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2018–19, Modernising Tax Administration, and Remedial Matters) Act 2019 (2019 No 5).
Section CB 10(3): amended (with effect on 1 October 2019), on 23 March 2020, by section 190 of the Taxation (KiwiSaver, Student Loans, and Remedial Matters) Act 2020 (2020 No 5).
Section CB 10 list of defined terms Kāinga Ora–Homes and Communities: inserted (with effect on 1 October 2019), on 23 March 2020, by section 190 of the Taxation (KiwiSaver, Student Loans, and Remedial Matters) Act 2020 (2020 No 5).
CB 11 Disposal within 10 years of improvement: building business
Income
(1)
An amount that a person derives from disposing of land is income of the person if they dispose of the land and—
(a)
within 10 years before the disposal, the person or an associate of the person completed improvements to the land; and
(b)
at the time the improvements were begun,—
(i)
the person carried on a business of erecting buildings:
(ii)
an associate of the person carried on a business of erecting buildings.
Person or associate
(2)
Subsection (1) applies whether or not the land was acquired for the person’s business or an associate’s business.
Exclusions
(3)
Subsection (1)(b)(ii) is overridden by the exclusions in sections CB 15C and CB 15D, for bodies linked or associated with a local authority and for companies in the same wholly-owned group as Kāinga Ora–Homes and Communities, and subsections (1) and (2) are overridden by the exclusions in sections CB 16 and CB 19, for residential land and for business premises.
Defined in this Act: amount, associated person, business, dispose, improvements, income, Kāinga Ora–Homes and Communities, land, year
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CB 9
Section CB 11(1) heading: replaced (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 18 March 2019, by section 118(1) (and see section 118(3) for application) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2018–19, Modernising Tax Administration, and Remedial Matters) Act 2019 (2019 No 5).
Section CB 11(1): replaced (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 18 March 2019, by section 118(1) (and see section 118(3) for application) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2018–19, Modernising Tax Administration, and Remedial Matters) Act 2019 (2019 No 5).
Section CB 11(2) heading: replaced (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 18 March 2019, by section 118(1) (and see section 118(3) for application) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2018–19, Modernising Tax Administration, and Remedial Matters) Act 2019 (2019 No 5).
Section CB 11(2): replaced (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 18 March 2019, by section 118(1) (and see section 118(3) for application) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2018–19, Modernising Tax Administration, and Remedial Matters) Act 2019 (2019 No 5).
Section CB 11(3): replaced (with effect on 1 July 2017), on 18 March 2019, by section 118(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2018–19, Modernising Tax Administration, and Remedial Matters) Act 2019 (2019 No 5).
Section CB 11(3): amended (with effect on 1 October 2019), on 23 March 2020, by section 190 of the Taxation (KiwiSaver, Student Loans, and Remedial Matters) Act 2020 (2020 No 5).
Section CB 11 list of defined terms Kāinga Ora–Homes and Communities: inserted (with effect on 1 October 2019), on 23 March 2020, by section 190 of the Taxation (KiwiSaver, Student Loans, and Remedial Matters) Act 2020 (2020 No 5).
CB 12 Disposal: schemes for development or division begun within 10 years
Income
(1)
An amount that a person derives from disposing of land is income of the person if the amount is derived in the following circumstances:
(a)
an undertaking or scheme, which is not necessarily in the nature of a business, is carried on; and
(b)
the undertaking or scheme involves the development of the land or the division of the land into lots; and
(c)
the person, or another person for them, carries on development or division work on or relating to the land; and
(d)
the development or division work is not minor; and
(e)
the undertaking or scheme was begun within 10 years of the date on which the person acquired the land.
Exclusions
(2)
Subsection (1) is overridden by the exclusions for residential land in section CB 17, for business premises in section CB 20, for farm land in section CB 21, and for investment land in section CB 23.
Defined in this Act: amount, business, dispose, income, land, year
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CB 10
CB 13 Disposal: amount from major development or division and not already in income
Income
(1)
An amount that a person derives from disposing of land is income of the person if—
(a)
the amount is not income under any of sections CB 6A to CB 12, and CB 14; and
(b)
the amount is derived in the following circumstances:
(i)
an undertaking or scheme, which is not necessarily in the nature of a business, is carried on; and
(ii)
the undertaking or scheme involves the development of the land or the division of the land into lots; and
(iii)
the person, or another person for them, carries on development or division work on or relating to the land; and
(iv)
the development or division work involves significant expenditure on channelling, contouring, drainage, earthworks, kerbing, levelling, roading, or any other amenity, service, or work customarily undertaken or provided in major projects involving the development of land for commercial, industrial, or residential purposes.
Exclusions
(2)
Subsection (1) is overridden by the exclusions for residential land in section CB 17, for business premises in section CB 20, for farm land in section CB 21, and for investment land in section CB 23.
Relationship with section DB 27
(3)
Section DB 27 (Amount from major development or division and not already in income) deals with a deduction for the value of the land.
Defined in this Act: amount, business, deduction, dispose, income, land
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CB 11
Section CB 13(1)(a): amended, on 1 July 2024, by section 127 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2023–24, Multinational Tax, and Remedial Matters) Act 2024 (2024 No 11).
Section CB 13(1)(a): amended (with effect on 27 March 2021), on 30 March 2021, by section 7 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2020–21, Feasibility Expenditure, and Remedial Matters) Act 2021 (2021 No 8).
Section CB 13(1)(a): amended (with effect on 1 October 2015 and applying to a person’s disposal of residential land if the date that the person first acquires an estate or interest in the residential land is on or after that date), on 16 November 2015, by section 5(1) of the Taxation (Bright-line Test for Residential Land) Act 2015 (2015 No 111).
Section CB 13(2) heading: substituted, on 1 April 2008, by section 309 of the Taxation (Business Taxation and Remedial Matters) Act 2007 (2007 No 109).
Section CB 13(2): substituted, on 1 April 2008, by section 309 of the Taxation (Business Taxation and Remedial Matters) Act 2007 (2007 No 109).
CB 14 Disposal: amount from land affected by change and not already in income
Income
(1)
An amount that a person derives from disposing of land is income of the person if—
(a)
the amount is not income under any of sections CB 6A to CB 12; and
(b)
the person disposed of the land within 10 years of acquiring it; and
(c)
the total amount that they derive from its disposal is more than the cost of the land; and
(d)
at least 20% of the excess arises from a factor, or more than 1 factor, that—
(i)
relates to the land; and
(ii)
is described in subsection (2); and
(iii)
occurs after the person acquired the land, for the factors described in subsection (2)(c), (e), (g), and (i).
Factors for purposes of subsection (1)(d)
(2)
The factors referred to in subsection (1)(d) are—
(a)
the rules of an operative district plan under the Resource Management Act 1991:
(b)
the likelihood of the imposition of rules:
(c)
a change to the rules:
(d)
the likelihood of a change to the rules:
(e)
a consent granted under the Resource Management Act 1991:
(f)
the likelihood of a consent being granted:
(g)
a decision of the Environment Court made under the Resource Management Act 1991:
(h)
the likelihood of a decision being made:
(i)
the removal of a condition, covenant, designation, heritage order, obligation, prohibition, or restriction under the Resource Management Act 1991:
(j)
the likelihood of the removal of a condition, covenant, designation, heritage order, obligation, prohibition, or restriction:
(k)
an occurrence of a similar nature to any of the occurrences described in any of paragraphs (a) to (j):
(l)
the likelihood of an occurrence of a similar nature to any of the occurrences described in any of paragraphs (a) to (j).
Exclusions
(3)
Subsection (1) is overridden by the exclusions for residential property in section CB 18 and for farm land in section CB 22.
Defined in this Act: amount, dispose, income, land, year
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CB 12
Section CB 14(1)(a): amended, on 1 July 2024, by section 127 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2023–24, Multinational Tax, and Remedial Matters) Act 2024 (2024 No 11).
Section CB 14(1)(a): amended (with effect on 27 March 2021), on 30 March 2021, by section 8 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2020–21, Feasibility Expenditure, and Remedial Matters) Act 2021 (2021 No 8).
Section CB 14(1)(a): amended (with effect on 1 October 2015 and applying to a person’s disposal of residential land if the date that the person first acquires an estate or interest in the residential land is on or after that date), on 16 November 2015, by section 6(1) of the Taxation (Bright-line Test for Residential Land) Act 2015 (2015 No 111).
Section CB 14(2)(a): amended, on 23 December 2023, by section 6 of the Resource Management (Natural and Built Environment and Spatial Planning Repeal and Interim Fast-track Consenting) Act 2023 (2023 No 68).
Section CB 14(2)(e): amended, on 23 December 2023, by section 6 of the Resource Management (Natural and Built Environment and Spatial Planning Repeal and Interim Fast-track Consenting) Act 2023 (2023 No 68).
Section CB 14(2)(g): amended, on 23 December 2023, by section 6 of the Resource Management (Natural and Built Environment and Spatial Planning Repeal and Interim Fast-track Consenting) Act 2023 (2023 No 68).
Section CB 14(2)(i): amended, on 23 December 2023, by section 6 of the Resource Management (Natural and Built Environment and Spatial Planning Repeal and Interim Fast-track Consenting) Act 2023 (2023 No 68).
CB 15 Transactions between associated persons
Income
(1)
An amount that a person (the transferee) derives from disposing of land is income of the transferee if—
(a)
the land has been transferred to the transferee from another person (the transferor); and
(b)
the transferor and the transferee are associated persons at the time of the transfer; and
(c)
the amount derived is more than the cost of the land to the transferee; and
(d)
the amount derived would have been income of the transferor under any of sections CB 6 to CB 14 if the transferor had retained and disposed of the land.
Exclusion for Kāinga Ora–Homes and Communities and wholly-owned group
(1B)
Subsection (1) is overridden by section CB 15D.
Date on which some transferees acquire land
(2)
For the purposes of sections CB 7 to CB 12 and CB 14, if a person (the transferor) transfers land to a person (the transferee) who is an associated person at the time of the transfer, the transferee is treated as acquiring the land on the date, other than under this subsection, on which the transferor acquired the land.
Defined in this Act: amount, associated person, dispose, income, land
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CB 13
Section CB 15(1): amended (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 18 March 2019, by section 119(1) (and see section 119(4) for application) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2018–19, Modernising Tax Administration, and Remedial Matters) Act 2019 (2019 No 5).
Section CB 15(1B) heading: inserted (with effect on 1 July 2017), on 18 March 2019, by section 119(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2018–19, Modernising Tax Administration, and Remedial Matters) Act 2019 (2019 No 5).
Section CB 15(1B) heading: amended (with effect on 1 October 2019), on 23 March 2020, by section 190 of the Taxation (KiwiSaver, Student Loans, and Remedial Matters) Act 2020 (2020 No 5).
Section CB 15(1B): inserted (with effect on 1 July 2017), on 18 March 2019, by section 119(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2018–19, Modernising Tax Administration, and Remedial Matters) Act 2019 (2019 No 5).
Section CB 15(2): replaced (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 18 March 2019, by section 119(3) (and see section 119(4) for application) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2018–19, Modernising Tax Administration, and Remedial Matters) Act 2019 (2019 No 5).
CB 15B When land acquired
General rule
(1)
For the purposes of this subpart, a person acquires an estate, interest, or option that is land (the land) on the date that begins a period in which the person has an estate or interest in, or an option to acquire, the land, alone or jointly or in common with another person.
First exception: acquisition of land by company to be formed
(2)
If a person, on behalf of a company to be formed, enters an agreement under which the company will have land, the company is treated, for the purposes of this subpart in relation to the land, as existing from when the person enters the agreement.
Second exception: land from exercise of option
(3)
A person that exercises an option to acquire land and acquires the land, is treated as acquiring the land at the time when they exercise the option.
Relationship with subparts FB and FC
(4)
Subsections (1) to (3) are overridden, for a transaction, by a provision in subpart FB or FC (which relate to transfers of property) providing for the timing of the transaction.
Defined in this Act: company, estate, interest, land
Section CB 15B: inserted (with effect on 22 November 2013 and applying for disposals of land occurring on or after that date), on 30 June 2014, by section 7(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Employee Allowances, and Remedial Matters) Act 2014 (2014 No 39).
Section CB 15B(1): amended, on 1 July 2024, by section 127 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2023–24, Multinational Tax, and Remedial Matters) Act 2024 (2024 No 11).
Section CB 15B(1): amended (with effect on 1 October 2015 and applying to a person’s disposal of residential land if the date that the person first acquires an estate or interest in the residential land is on or after that date), on 16 November 2015, by section 7(1) of the Taxation (Bright-line Test for Residential Land) Act 2015 (2015 No 111).
Section CB 15B(3) heading: replaced (with effect on 22 November 2013), on 21 February 2017, by section 63 of the Taxation (Business Tax, Exchange of Information, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 3).
Section CB 15B(3): replaced (with effect on 22 November 2013), on 21 February 2017, by section 63 of the Taxation (Business Tax, Exchange of Information, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 3).
Section CB 15B(3) heading: replaced (with effect on 14 May 2016), on 21 February 2017, by section 64 of the Taxation (Business Tax, Exchange of Information, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 3).
Section CB 15B(3): replaced (with effect on 14 May 2016), on 21 February 2017, by section 64 of the Taxation (Business Tax, Exchange of Information, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 3).
Exclusions for bodies controlled by local authorities
Heading: inserted (with effect on 1 September 2015), on 30 March 2017, by section 12 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
CB 15C Council-controlled organisations and other companies
Exclusion from application of some land provisions: kinds of associated persons
(1)
Sections CB 9(2), CB 10(2), and CB 11(1)(b)(ii) do not apply to a person (person A) despite the activities of an associated person (person B) if—
(a)
person A is a local authority or—
(i)
a council-controlled organisation that is linked by ownership or control to the local authority:
(ii)
an entity referred to in section 6(4)(a) to (ca) of the Local Government Act 2002, that is linked by ownership or control to the local authority:
(iii)
an entity that is associated with the local authority other than under section YB 14 (Tripartite relationship); and
(b)
person B is—
(i)
the local authority or an organisation or entity of a kind referred to in paragraph (a)(i) to (iii):
(ii)
a person that is not associated with person A other than under section YB 14.
Exclusion from application of some land provisions: members of consolidated group
(2)
If person A and person B are members of a consolidated group, and subsection (1) applies to prevent an amount from being income of person A, the amount is not income of person A under section CV 2 (Consolidated groups: income of company in group).
Defined in this Act: associated person, consolidated group, council-controlled organisation, local authority
Section CB 15C: inserted (with effect on 1 September 2015), on 30 March 2017, by section 12 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CB 15C(1): amended (with effect on 1 September 2015), on 18 March 2019, by section 120 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2018–19, Modernising Tax Administration, and Remedial Matters) Act 2019 (2019 No 5).
Exclusions for Kāinga Ora–Homes and Communities and wholly-owned group
Heading: inserted (with effect on 1 July 2017), on 18 March 2019, by section 121 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2018–19, Modernising Tax Administration, and Remedial Matters) Act 2019 (2019 No 5).
Heading: amended (with effect on 1 October 2019), on 23 March 2020, by section 190 of the Taxation (KiwiSaver, Student Loans, and Remedial Matters) Act 2020 (2020 No 5).
CB 15D Kāinga Ora–Homes and Communities and wholly-owned group
Exclusion from application of some land provisions
(1)
Sections CB 9(2), CB 10(2), CB 11(1)(b)(ii), and CB 15(1) do not apply to Kāinga Ora–Homes and Communities or a company in the same wholly-owned group of companies as Kāinga Ora–Homes and Communities.
Exclusion for group members and members of consolidated group
(2)
If subsection (1) applies to prevent an amount from being income of a person who is a member of a wholly-owned group of companies or a consolidated group, the amount is not income of the person under section CV 1 or CV 2 (which apply to group companies and to consolidated groups).
Defined in this Act: amount, company, consolidated group, income, Kāinga Ora–Homes and Communities, wholly-owned group of companies
Section CB 15D: inserted (with effect on 1 July 2017), on 18 March 2019, by section 121 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2018–19, Modernising Tax Administration, and Remedial Matters) Act 2019 (2019 No 5).
Section CB 15D heading: amended (with effect on 1 October 2019), on 23 March 2020, by section 190 of the Taxation (KiwiSaver, Student Loans, and Remedial Matters) Act 2020 (2020 No 5).
Section CB 15D(1): amended (with effect on 1 October 2019), on 23 March 2020, by section 190 of the Taxation (KiwiSaver, Student Loans, and Remedial Matters) Act 2020 (2020 No 5).
Section CB 15D list of defined terms Kāinga Ora–Homes and Communities: inserted (with effect on 1 October 2019), on 23 March 2020, by section 190 of the Taxation (KiwiSaver, Student Loans, and Remedial Matters) Act 2020 (2020 No 5).
Exclusion for land acquired from a co-owner on a partition or subdivision
Heading: inserted (with effect on 27 March 2021), on 28 March 2024, by section 11 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2023–24, Multinational Tax, and Remedial Matters) Act 2024 (2024 No 11).
CB 15E Disposals of land subject to section CW 3C
When this section applies
(1)
This section applies to a person for a disposal of land acquired from a co-owner on a partition or subdivision if—
(a)
the person derives income from the disposal under section CB 15(1); and
(b)
had the person disposed of their interest in the land that was partitioned or subdivided immediately before the partition or subdivision, section CB 15(1) would not have applied to the disposal.
Exempt income when no or minor acquisition of land on partition or subdivision
(2)
The amount of income the person derives under section CB 15(1) from disposing of the land is exempt income if the person’s end value proportion under section CW 3C (Certain partitions or subdivisions of land) is no more than 105% of their acquisition proportion under section CW 3C.
Partially exempt income when more than minor acquisition of land on partition or subdivision
(3)
If subsection (2) does not apply, the amount of income the person derives under section CB 15(1) from disposing of the land is exempt income to the extent given by the formula—
amount derived x (acquisition proportion ÷ end value proportion).
Definition of items in formula
(4)
The items in the formula are defined in subsections (5) to (7).
Amount derived
(5)
Amount derived is the amount the person derives from disposing of the land.
Acquisition proportion
(6)
Acquisition proportion is the person’s acquisition proportion as described in section CW 3C.
End value proportion
(7)
End value proportion is the person’s end value proportion as described in section CW 3C.
Exclusion for group members and members of consolidated group
(8)
If subsection (2) or (3) applies to prevent an amount from being income of a person who is a member of a wholly-owned group of companies or a consolidated group, the amount is not income of the person under section CV 1 or CV 2 (which apply to group companies and consolidated groups).
Defined in this Act: acquisition proportion, amount, associated, consolidated group, co-owner, dispose, end value proportion, exempt income, income, land, wholly-owned group of companies
Section CB 15E: inserted (with effect on 27 March 2021), on 28 March 2024, by section 11 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2023–24, Multinational Tax, and Remedial Matters) Act 2024 (2024 No 11).
Section CB 15E(1)(a): replaced (with effect on 27 March 2021), on 29 March 2025, by section 6(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2024–25, Emergency Response, and Remedial Measures) Act 2025 (2025 No 9).
Section CB 15E(1)(b): replaced (with effect on 27 March 2021), on 29 March 2025, by section 6(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2024–25, Emergency Response, and Remedial Measures) Act 2025 (2025 No 9).
Section CB 15E(2) heading: replaced (with effect on 27 March 2021), on 29 March 2025, by section 6(3) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2024–25, Emergency Response, and Remedial Measures) Act 2025 (2025 No 9).
Section CB 15E(2): amended (with effect on 27 March 2021), on 29 March 2025, by section 6(4) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2024–25, Emergency Response, and Remedial Measures) Act 2025 (2025 No 9).
Section CB 15E(3) heading: replaced (with effect on 27 March 2021), on 29 March 2025, by section 6(5) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2024–25, Emergency Response, and Remedial Measures) Act 2025 (2025 No 9).
Section CB 15E(3): amended (with effect on 27 March 2021), on 29 March 2025, by section 6(6)(a) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2024–25, Emergency Response, and Remedial Measures) Act 2025 (2025 No 9).
Section CB 15E(3): amended (with effect on 27 March 2021), on 29 March 2025, by section 6(6)(b) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2024–25, Emergency Response, and Remedial Measures) Act 2025 (2025 No 9).
Section CB 15E list of defined terms acquisition proportion: inserted (with effect on 27 March 2021), on 29 March 2025, by section 6(7) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2024–25, Emergency Response, and Remedial Measures) Act 2025 (2025 No 9).
Section CB 15E list of defined terms end value proportion: inserted (with effect on 27 March 2021), on 29 March 2025, by section 6(7) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2024–25, Emergency Response, and Remedial Measures) Act 2025 (2025 No 9).
Exclusions for residential land
CB 16A Main home exclusion for disposal within 2 years
Main home exclusion
(1)
Section CB 6A does not apply to a person who disposes of residential land if the land has been used predominantly, for most of the bright-line period, for a dwelling that was the main home of—
(a)
the person; or
(b)
a beneficiary of a trust, if the person is a trustee of the trust and—
(i)
a principal settlor of the trust does not have a main home; or
(ii)
if a principal settlor of the trust does have a main home, it is that main home that the person is disposing of.
Modified rule for constructing main home
(2)
For the purposes of determining under subsection (1) whether residential land has been used for most of the bright-line period predominantly for a dwelling that was the main home of the person or a beneficiary of a trust, as described in subsection (1), the period in which the dwelling was constructed is ignored.
When this section does not apply
(3)
The exclusion in subsection (1) does not apply to a person who disposes of residential land if—
(a)
the exclusion has been used by the person twice within the 2 years immediately preceding the bright-line end date for the residential land:
(b)
the person has engaged in a regular pattern of acquiring and disposing of residential land described in subsection (1).
Person may include group of persons
(4)
For the purposes of subsection (3)(b), person includes a group of persons if the requirements of subsection (5) are met.
Meaning of group of persons
(5)
For the purposes of subsection (4), a group of persons—
(a)
means 2 or more persons when together all the persons occupy, or have occupied, residential land described in subsection (1); and
(b)
includes a person other than a natural person (the non-natural person) if another person referred to in paragraph (a) has significant involvement in, or control of, the activities of the non-natural person. For the avoidance of doubt, if the other person can direct, alone or as part of a group, the activities of the non-natural person, they have significant involvement in, or control of, the activities of the non-natural person.
Defined in this Act: bright-line end date, dispose, dwelling, group of persons, land, main home, own, principal settlor, residential land, trust, trustee, year
Section CB 16A: replaced, on 1 July 2024, by section 12(5) (and see section 12(6) for application) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2023–24, Multinational Tax, and Remedial Matters) Act 2024 (2024 No 11).
CB 16 Residential exclusion from sections CB 6 to CB 11
Exclusion
(1)
Sections CB 6 to CB 11 do not apply if—
(a)
the person (person A)—
(i)
acquired the land with a dwellinghouse on it; or
(ii)
acquired the land and erected a dwellinghouse on it; and
(b)
the dwellinghouse was occupied mainly as a residence by,—
(i)
person A:
(ii)
if members of person A’s family live with them, person A and members of person A’s family living with them:
(iii)
if person A is a trustee, 1 or more beneficiaries of the trust.
What exclusion applies to
(2)
The exclusion applies to the land that has the dwellinghouse on it. It also applies to land related to the land that has the dwellinghouse on it if the total area of the related land is—
(a)
4,500 square metres or less; or
(b)
more than 4,500 square metres, if the larger area is required for the reasonable occupation and enjoyment of the dwellinghouse.
Exception
(3)
The exclusion does not apply when—
(a)
section CB 6(1) applies to the disposal; and
(b)
person A has engaged in a regular pattern of acquiring and disposing of land described in subsection (1).
Regular patterns undertaken by groups of persons
(4)
For the purposes of subsection (3), in relation to land described in subsection (1), person A includes a group of persons if the requirements of subsection (5) are met.
Meaning of group of persons
(5)
For the purposes of subsection (4), a group of persons—
(a)
means 2 or more persons when together all of the persons occupy, or have occupied, land described in subsection (1); and
(b)
includes a person other than a natural person (the non-natural person), if another person referred to in paragraph (a) has significant involvement in, or control of, the activities of the non-natural person. For the avoidance of doubt, if the other person is able to direct, alone or as part of a group, the activities of the non-natural person, they have significant involvement in, or control of, the activities of the non-natural person.
Defined in this Act: dispose, group of persons, land, trustee
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CB 14
Section CB 16(1)(a): amended, on 30 March 2021, by section 11(1)(a) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2020–21, Feasibility Expenditure, and Remedial Matters) Act 2021 (2021 No 8).
Section CB 16(1)(b): replaced (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 18 March 2019, by section 123(1) (and see section 123(3) for application) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2018–19, Modernising Tax Administration, and Remedial Matters) Act 2019 (2019 No 5).
Section CB 16(1)(b)(i): amended, on 30 March 2021, by section 11(1)(b) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2020–21, Feasibility Expenditure, and Remedial Matters) Act 2021 (2021 No 8).
Section CB 16(1)(b)(ii): amended, on 30 March 2021, by section 11(1)(b) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2020–21, Feasibility Expenditure, and Remedial Matters) Act 2021 (2021 No 8).
Section CB 16(1)(b)(ii): amended, on 30 March 2021, by section 11(1)(c) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2020–21, Feasibility Expenditure, and Remedial Matters) Act 2021 (2021 No 8).
Section CB 16(1)(b)(iii): amended, on 30 March 2021, by section 11(1)(b) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2020–21, Feasibility Expenditure, and Remedial Matters) Act 2021 (2021 No 8).
Section CB 16(3) heading: replaced, on 30 March 2021, by section 11(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2020–21, Feasibility Expenditure, and Remedial Matters) Act 2021 (2021 No 8).
Section CB 16(3): replaced, on 30 March 2021, by section 11(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2020–21, Feasibility Expenditure, and Remedial Matters) Act 2021 (2021 No 8).
Section CB 16(4) heading: inserted, on 30 March 2021, by section 11(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2020–21, Feasibility Expenditure, and Remedial Matters) Act 2021 (2021 No 8).
Section CB 16(4): inserted, on 30 March 2021, by section 11(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2020–21, Feasibility Expenditure, and Remedial Matters) Act 2021 (2021 No 8).
Section CB 16(5) heading: inserted, on 30 March 2021, by section 11(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2020–21, Feasibility Expenditure, and Remedial Matters) Act 2021 (2021 No 8).
Section CB 16(5): inserted, on 30 March 2021, by section 11(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2020–21, Feasibility Expenditure, and Remedial Matters) Act 2021 (2021 No 8).
Section CB 16 list of defined terms group of persons: inserted, on 30 March 2021, by section 11(3) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2020–21, Feasibility Expenditure, and Remedial Matters) Act 2021 (2021 No 8).
CB 17 Residential exclusion from sections CB 12 and CB 13
Exclusion: developing or dividing land for residential use
(1)
Sections CB 12 and CB 13 do not apply if—
(a)
the work involved in the undertaking or scheme is to create or effect a development, division, or improvement; and
(b)
the development, division, or improvement is for use in, and for the purposes of, the residing on the land of,—
(i)
the person:
(ii)
if members of the person’s family live with them, the person and members of the person’s family living with them.
Exclusion: dividing residential land
(2)
Sections CB 12 and CB 13 do not apply if—
(a)
the land is a lot that came out of a larger area of land that the person divided into 2 or more lots; and
(b)
the larger area of land was 4,500 square metres or less immediately before it was divided and was occupied mainly as residential land for,—
(i)
the person:
(ii)
if members of the person’s family live with them, the person and members of their family living with them.
Defined in this Act: land
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CB 15
Section CB 17(1): amended, on 1 April 2008, by section 310 of the Taxation (Business Taxation and Remedial Matters) Act 2007 (2007 No 109).
Section CB 17(1)(b): replaced (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 18 March 2019, by section 124(1) (and see section 124(3) for application) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2018–19, Modernising Tax Administration, and Remedial Matters) Act 2019 (2019 No 5).
Section CB 17(2)(b): replaced (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 18 March 2019, by section 124(2) (and see section 124(3) for application) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2018–19, Modernising Tax Administration, and Remedial Matters) Act 2019 (2019 No 5).
CB 18 Residential exclusion from section CB 14
Exclusion
(1)
Section CB 14 does not apply if—
(a)
the person acquired the land and used it or intended to use it for residential purposes; and
(b)
they disposed of the land to another person who acquired it for residential purposes.
Purpose of acquisition for purposes of subsection (1)(b)
(2)
For the purposes of subsection (1)(b), the purpose of the acquisition by the other person is ascertained from the circumstances of the disposal and other relevant matters.
Meaning of residential purposes
(3)
In this section, residential purposes—
(a)
means a purpose that the person has of using the land or intending to use the land mainly as a residence for,—
(i)
the person:
(ii)
if members of the person’s family live with them, the person and members of the person’s family living with them; and
(b)
includes the purpose of erecting a dwellinghouse on the land to be occupied as such a residence.
Defined in this Act: dispose, land, residential purposes
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CB 16
Section CB 18(3)(a): replaced (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 18 March 2019, by section 125(1) (and see section 125(2) for application) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2018–19, Modernising Tax Administration, and Remedial Matters) Act 2019 (2019 No 5).
Exclusions for business premises
CB 19 Business exclusion from sections CB 6 to CB 11
Exclusion
(1)
Sections CB 6 to CB 11 do not apply to a disposal of land by a person (person A) if—
(a)
the land is the premises of a business; and
(b)
person A acquired and occupied, or erected and occupied, the premises mainly to carry on a substantial business from them.
Exception
(2)
The exclusion does not apply when—
(a)
section CB 6(1) applies to the disposal; and
(b)
person A has engaged in a regular pattern of acquiring and disposing of land described in subsection (1).
When regular patterns undertaken by groups of persons
(2B)
For the purposes of subsection (2), person A includes a group of persons if the requirements of subsection (2C) are met.
Meaning of group of persons
(2C)
For the purposes of subsection (2B), a group of persons means 2 or more persons if—
(a)
the persons occupy premises mainly to carry on a substantial business from them as described in subsection (1)(b), irrespective of the nature of any business carried on from the premises; and
(b)
a person, whether or not they occupy premises as described in subsection (1)(b), has significant involvement in, or control of, the activities of all persons referred to in paragraph (a) (the occupiers). For the avoidance of doubt, if the person is able to direct, alone or as part of a group, the activities of the occupiers, they have significant involvement in, or control of, the activities of the occupiers.
Meaning of land
(3)
In this section, land includes land that—
(a)
is reserved, with the premises, for the use of the business; and
(b)
is of an area no greater than that required for the reasonable occupation of the premises and the carrying on of the business.
Defined in this Act: business, dispose, group of persons, land
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CB 17
Section CB 19(1): amended, on 30 March 2021, by section 12(1)(a) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2020–21, Feasibility Expenditure, and Remedial Matters) Act 2021 (2021 No 8).
Section CB 19(1)(b): amended, on 30 March 2021, by section 12(1)(b) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2020–21, Feasibility Expenditure, and Remedial Matters) Act 2021 (2021 No 8).
Section CB 19(2) heading: replaced, on 30 March 2021, by section 12(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2020–21, Feasibility Expenditure, and Remedial Matters) Act 2021 (2021 No 8).
Section CB 19(2): replaced, on 30 March 2021, by section 12(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2020–21, Feasibility Expenditure, and Remedial Matters) Act 2021 (2021 No 8).
Section CB 19(2B) heading: inserted, on 30 March 2021, by section 12(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2020–21, Feasibility Expenditure, and Remedial Matters) Act 2021 (2021 No 8).
Section CB 19(2B): inserted, on 30 March 2021, by section 12(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2020–21, Feasibility Expenditure, and Remedial Matters) Act 2021 (2021 No 8).
Section CB 19(2C) heading: inserted, on 30 March 2021, by section 12(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2020–21, Feasibility Expenditure, and Remedial Matters) Act 2021 (2021 No 8).
Section CB 19(2C): inserted, on 30 March 2021, by section 12(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2020–21, Feasibility Expenditure, and Remedial Matters) Act 2021 (2021 No 8).
Section CB 19 list of defined terms group of persons: inserted, on 30 March 2021, by section 12(3) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2020–21, Feasibility Expenditure, and Remedial Matters) Act 2021 (2021 No 8).
CB 20 Business exclusion from sections CB 12 and CB 13
Sections CB 12 and CB 13 do not apply if—
(a)
the work involved in the undertaking or scheme is to create or effect a development, division, or improvement; and
(b)
the development, division, or improvement is for use in, and for the purposes of, the carrying on of a business by the person on the land; and
(c)
the business does not consist of the undertaking or scheme.
Defined in this Act: business, land
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CB 18
Section CB 20: amended, on 1 April 2008, by section 311(2) of the Taxation (Business Taxation and Remedial Matters) Act 2007 (2007 No 109).
Section CB 20 heading: amended, on 1 April 2008, by section 311(1) of the Taxation (Business Taxation and Remedial Matters) Act 2007 (2007 No 109).
Exclusions for farm land
CB 21 Farm land exclusion from sections CB 12 and CB 13
Exclusion
(1)
Sections CB 12 and CB 13 do not apply if—
(a)
the land is a lot resulting from the division of a larger area of land into 2 or more lots; and
(b)
immediately before the land was divided, the larger area of land was occupied or used by the person, their spouse, civil union partner or de facto partner, or both of them, mainly for the purposes of a farming or agricultural business carried on by either or both of them; and
(c)
the area and nature of the land disposed of mean that it is then capable of being worked as an economic unit as a farming or agricultural business; and
(d)
the land was disposed of mainly for the purpose of using it in a farming or agricultural business.
Circumstances for purposes of subsection (1)(d)
(2)
The circumstances of the disposal of the land are relevant to the decision on whether the land was disposed of mainly for the purpose of using it in a farming or agricultural business. The circumstances include—
(a)
the consideration for the disposal of the land:
(b)
current prices paid for land in that area:
(c)
the terms of the disposal:
(d)
a zoning or other classification relating to the land:
(e)
the proximity of the land to any other land being used or developed for uses other than farming or agricultural uses.
Defined in this Act: business, dispose, land, pay
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CB 19
CB 22 Farm land exclusion from section CB 14
Exclusion
(1)
Section CB 14 does not apply if—
(a)
the person (person A) acquired the land, and they, their spouse, civil union partner or de facto partner, or both of them used or intended to use the land mainly for the purposes of a farming or agricultural business carried on by them, their spouse, civil union partner, or de facto partner, or both of them; and
(b)
they disposed of the land to another person (person B) mainly for the purposes of the continuing use of the land in a farming or agricultural business.
Purposes of acquisition for purposes of subsection (1)(b)
(2)
For the purposes of subsection (1)(b), person B’s purposes in acquiring the land are ascertained from circumstances of the disposal arising after person A acquired the land and other relevant matters, not including the factors described in section CB 14(1).
Defined in this Act: business, dispose, land
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CB 20
Exclusion for investment land
CB 23 Investment exclusion from sections CB 12 and CB 13
Sections CB 12 and CB 13 do not apply if—
(a)
the work involved in the undertaking or scheme is to create or effect a development, division, or improvement; and
(b)
the development, division, or improvement is for use in, and for the purposes of, the person’s deriving from the land income of the kind described in section CC 1 (Land).
Defined in this Act: income, land
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CB 21
Section CB 23: amended, on 1 April 2008, by section 312(2) of the Taxation (Business Taxation and Remedial Matters) Act 2007 (2007 No 109).
Section CB 23 heading: amended, on 1 April 2008, by section 312(1) of the Taxation (Business Taxation and Remedial Matters) Act 2007 (2007 No 109).
Partial or multiple disposals of land
Heading: inserted, on 30 March 2025, by section 7 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2024–25, Emergency Response, and Remedial Measures) Act 2025 (2025 No 9).
CB 23B Land partially disposed of or disposed of with other land
Sections CB 6A to CB 23 apply to an amount derived from the disposal of land if the land is—
(a)
part of the land to which the relevant section applies:
(b)
the whole of the land to which the relevant section applies:
(c)
disposed of together with other land.
Defined in this Act: amount, dispose, land
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CB 5A
Section CB 23B: inserted, on 1 April 2008, by section 313 of the Taxation (Business Taxation and Remedial Matters) Act 2007 (2007 No 109).
Section CB 23B heading: amended (with effect on 1 April 2015 and applying for the 2015–16 and later income years), on 24 February 2016, by section 242(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2015–16, Research and Development, and Remedial Matters) Act 2016 (2016 No 1).
Section CB 23B: amended, on 1 July 2024, by section 127 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2023–24, Multinational Tax, and Remedial Matters) Act 2024 (2024 No 11).
Section CB 23B: amended (with effect on 27 March 2021), on 30 March 2021, by section 13 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2020–21, Feasibility Expenditure, and Remedial Matters) Act 2021 (2021 No 8).
Section CB 23B: amended (with effect on 1 October 2015 and applying to a person’s disposal of residential land if the date that the person first acquires an estate or interest in the residential land is on or after that date), on 16 November 2015, by section 9(1) of the Taxation (Bright-line Test for Residential Land) Act 2015 (2015 No 111).
Timber
CB 24 Disposal of timber or right to take timber
Income
(1)
An amount is income of a person if they derive it from—
(a)
disposing of timber; or
(b)
disposing of a right to take timber.
Whether or not person owns land
(2)
Subsection (1) applies whether or not the person owns the land on which the timber is situated.
Disposal for below market value
(3)
Section GC 2 (Disposals of timber rights or standing timber) may apply to treat a person as deriving an amount on the grant of a right to take timber or disposal of standing timber.
Defined in this Act: amount, dispose, income, own, right to take timber, standing timber
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CB 22
CB 25 Disposal of land with standing timber
When this section applies
(1)
This section applies when a person disposes of land with standing timber on it.
Exclusions
(2)
This section does not apply when the standing timber is of 1 of the following kinds:
(a)
trees that are ornamental or incidental, as evidenced by a certificate given under section 44C of the Tax Administration Act 1994; or
(b)
trees in a crop subject to a forestry right, as defined in section 2 of the Forestry Rights Registration Act 1983, registered under the Land Transfer Act 2017; or
(c)
trees subject to a right to take a benefit (in the form of a profit a prendre) granted before 1 January 1984.
Income
(3)
The amount that the person derives from disposing of the standing timber is income of the person.
Defined in this Act: amount, dispose, income, standing timber
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CB 23
Section CB 25(2)(b): amended, on 12 November 2018, by section 250 of the Land Transfer Act 2017 (2017 No 30).
Investments
CB 26 Disposal of certain shares by portfolio investment entities
When this section applies
(1)
This section applies when—
(a)
the income from the disposal by a person (the entity) of the share is excluded income under section CX 55 (Proceeds from disposal of investment shares); and
(ab)
the share is not in a listed PIE; and
(b)
a dividend from the share is—
(i)
declared before the disposal; and
(ii)
paid to a holder of the share who, after the disposal, becomes entitled to the dividend; and
(c)
the entity attributes the proceeds from the disposal to investors who are not entitled to the benefit of the dividend.
Income
(2)
The entity is treated as deriving an amount of income calculated using the formula—
(shares at declaration − shares on distribution) × dividend.
Definition of items in formula
(3)
In the formula,—
(a)
shares at declaration is the number of shares held by the entity when the dividend is declared:
(b)
shares on distribution is the number of shares for which the entity derives a dividend:
(c)
dividend is the amount of the dividend per share or, for a share issued by an ICA company, the amount of the dividend per share that is not fully imputed.
Positive result
(4)
The result of the formula must be a positive amount.
Defined in this Act: amount, company, dividend, excluded income, fully imputed, ICA company, income, listed PIE, pay, portfolio investment entity, share
Compare: 2007 No 97 s CB 26
Section CB 26: substituted, on 1 April 2010 (applying for the 2010–11 and later income years), by section 8(1) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
Section CB 26(1)(ab): inserted, on 30 June 2014, by section 8(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Employee Allowances, and Remedial Matters) Act 2014 (2014 No 39).
Section CB 26(1)(b)(ii): amended (with effect on 1 April 2012), on 17 July 2013, by section 4 of the Taxation (Livestock Valuation, Assets Expenditure, and Remedial Matters) Act 2013 (2013 No 52).
Section CB 26(1)(c): inserted (with effect on 1 April 2012), on 17 July 2013, by section 4 of the Taxation (Livestock Valuation, Assets Expenditure, and Remedial Matters) Act 2013 (2013 No 52).
Section CB 26 list of defined terms listed PIE: inserted, on 30 June 2014, by section 8(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Employee Allowances, and Remedial Matters) Act 2014 (2014 No 39).
Farming, forestry, or fishing
CB 27 Income equalisation schemes
Income derived by a person, as timed and quantified under any of the following provisions, is income of the person:
(a)
sections EH 11, EH 14, EH 16, EH 18, EH 20 to EH 22, EH 24, and EH 26 (which relate to the main income equalisation scheme):
(b)
[Repealed](c)
sections EH 72, EH 74, and EH 76 (which relate to the thinning operations income equalisation scheme).
Defined in this Act: income, main income equalisation scheme, person, thinning operations income equalisation scheme
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CB 24
Section CB 27(b): repealed, on 18 March 2019, by section 126(1) (and see section 126(3) for application) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2018–19, Modernising Tax Administration, and Remedial Matters) Act 2019 (2019 No 5).
Section CB 27 list of defined terms adverse event income equalisation scheme: repealed, on 18 March 2019, by section 126(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2018–19, Modernising Tax Administration, and Remedial Matters) Act 2019 (2019 No 5).
CB 27B Entering partners’ livestock income
[Repealed]Section CB 27B: repealed (with effect on 1 April 2009), on 6 October 2009, by section 9(1) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
Environmental restoration
CB 28 Environmental restoration accounts
Income from refund
(1)
A person who receives a refund for a tax year under section EK 12 (Refund if application or excess balance) derives for the person’s corresponding income year an amount of income calculated using the formula—
refund ÷ tax rate.
Income from transfer from environmental restoration account
(2)
If there is a transfer from a person’s environmental restoration account under section EK 15, EK 16, or EK 19 (which relate to environmental restoration accounts), the person derives for the corresponding income year an amount of income calculated using the formula—
transfer ÷ tax rate.
Definitions of items in formulas
(3)
The items in the formulas are defined in subsections (4) to (6).
Refund
(4)
Refund is the amount of the refund.
Tax rate
(5)
Tax rate is the highest rate of income tax on taxable income that—
(a)
is set out in schedule 1 (Basic tax rates: income tax, ESCT, RSCT, RWT, and attributed fringe benefits); and
(b)
would apply to the person for the tax year if the person had sufficient taxable income.
Transfer
(6)
Transfer is the amount in the environmental restoration account that is transferred.
Income arising from renewal of resource consent
(7)
A person who incurs expenditure of a type listed in schedule 19, part A, clauses 2 to 5 (Expenditure in avoiding, remedying, or mitigating detrimental effects of discharge of contaminant or making of noise) and not in schedule 19, part C derives income under subsection (8) if—
(a)
the deduction under section DB 46 (Avoiding, remedying, or mitigating effects of discharge of contaminant or making of noise) for the expenditure is determined by the period for which a resource consent is granted; and
(b)
the period of the grant of the resource consent is extended by more than 50% in a later income year or a new resource consent is granted for a period that is more than 50% of the total period of the resource consent.
Amount of income
(8)
The person derives for the income year in which the period of the resource consent is extended, or the new resource consent is granted, an amount of income equal to the greater of zero and the difference between—
(a)
the total deduction under section DB 46 for the person for the period from the grant of the resource consent to the beginning of the income year:
(b)
the total deduction for the expenditure that the person would have had under section DB 46 for the period referred to in paragraph (a), if the period of the resource consent at the time of the grant had been 35 years.
Defined in this Act: apply, corresponding income year, environmental restoration account, income, income tax, resource consent, taxable income, tax year
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CB 24B
Section CB 28(1): amended, on 2 June 2016, by section 6(1) of the Taxation (Transformation: First Phase Simplification and Other Measures) Act 2016 (2016 No 27).
Section CB 28(5)(a): amended, on 1 April 2008, by section 562 of the Taxation (Business Taxation and Remedial Matters) Act 2007 (2007 No 109).
Section CB 28(7): amended (with effect on 1 April 2018), on 18 March 2019, by section 127(a) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2018–19, Modernising Tax Administration, and Remedial Matters) Act 2019 (2019 No 5).
Section CB 28(7)(a): amended (with effect on 1 April 2018), on 18 March 2019, by section 127(b) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2018–19, Modernising Tax Administration, and Remedial Matters) Act 2019 (2019 No 5).
Section CB 28 list of defined terms apply: inserted, on 2 June 2016, by section 6(2) of the Taxation (Transformation: First Phase Simplification and Other Measures) Act 2016 (2016 No 27).
Minerals
CB 29 Disposal of minerals
Income
(1)
An amount that a person derives from disposing of minerals taken from land is income of the person.
Whether or not person owns land
(2)
Subsection (1) applies whether or not the person owns the land from which the minerals are taken.
Defined in this Act: amount, dispose, income, mineral, own
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CB 25
Intellectual property
CB 30 Disposal of patent applications or patent rights
If a person derives an amount from the disposal of a patent application with a complete specification or from the disposal of patent rights, the amount is income of the person.
Defined in this Act: amount, income, patent rights
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CB 26
Section CB 30 heading: amended (with effect on 1 April 2015 and applying for the 2015–16 and later income years), on 24 February 2016, by section 242(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2015–16, Research and Development, and Remedial Matters) Act 2016 (2016 No 1).
Section CB 30: amended (with effect on 1 April 2015 and applying for the 2015–16 and later income years), on 24 February 2016, by section 242(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2015–16, Research and Development, and Remedial Matters) Act 2016 (2016 No 1).
Transfer of business
CB 31 Disposal of business: transferred employment income obligations
When this section applies
(1)
This section applies when section DC 10 (Disposal of business: transferred employment income obligations) applies and the reduction in the consideration is more than the amount the buyer actually pays for the transferred obligation.
Income
(2)
The excess is income of the buyer.
Timing of income
(3)
The income is allocated to the income year in which the reduction of the transferred provision is required to be recognised by the buyer under generally accepted accounting practice.
Defined in this Act: amount, generally accepted accounting practice, income, income year, pay
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CB 27
Section CB 31 heading: amended (with effect on 1 April 2015 and applying for the 2015–16 and later income years), on 24 February 2016, by section 242(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2015–16, Research and Development, and Remedial Matters) Act 2016 (2016 No 1).
Section CB 31(1): amended (with effect on 1 April 2015 and applying for the 2015–16 and later income years), on 24 February 2016, by section 242(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2015–16, Research and Development, and Remedial Matters) Act 2016 (2016 No 1).
Stolen property
CB 32 Property obtained by theft
Income
(1)
If a person obtains possession or control of property without claim of right, an amount equal to the market value of the property is income of the person.
Timing of income
(2)
The income is allocated to the income year in which the person obtains possession or control of the property.
Whether or not constructive trust
(3)
Subsection (1) applies whether or not the person holds the property as a trustee under a constructive trust.
Defined in this Act: amount, claim of right, income, income year, possession, property, trustee
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CB 28
Look-through companies
Heading: inserted, on 1 April 2011 (applying for income years beginning on or after 1 April 2011), by section 26(1) of the Taxation (GST and Remedial Matters) Act 2010 (2010 No 130).
CB 32B Owners of look-through companies
A person who has an effective look-through interest for a look-through company has an amount of income to the extent to which an amount of income results from the application of subpart HB (Look-through companies) or section HZ 8 (Retrospective transitional provision for market valuation under section HB 4) to them and the look-through company.
Defined in this Act: amount, effective look-through interest, income, look-through company
Section CB 32B: inserted, on 1 April 2011 (applying for income years beginning on or after 1 April 2011), by section 26(1) of the Taxation (GST and Remedial Matters) Act 2010 (2010 No 130).
Section CB 32B: amended, on 1 April 2017, by section 13 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
CB 32C Dividend income for first year of look-through company
When this section applies
(1)
This section applies for an income year when, in the income year, the person has—
(a)
an effective look-through interest for a look-through company (LTC) on the first day of that year, and the company existed in the previous income year, but was not a look-through company in that previous year:
(b)
an effective look-through interest for a look-through company on the day after the LTC amalgamates in that year with a company that ceases to exist after the amalgamation (the amalgamating company), and the amalgamating company was not a look-through company immediately before the amalgamation.
Income
(2)
The person has an amount of income under—
(a)
subsection (4); or
(b)
subsection (8), if—
(i)
the relevant LTC was a qualifying company in the relevant previous year; and
(ii)
a dividend under subsection (4) would not be fully imputed.
Dividend
(3)
An amount of income under subsection (4) or (8) is treated as a dividend including an attached imputation credit, as provided by the relevant subsection.
Formula
(4)
For the purposes of subsection (2)(a), the amount of income is a positive amount calculated using the formula—
(untaxed reserves + reserves imputation credit) × effective interest.
Definition of items in formula
(5)
In the formula in subsection (4),—
(a)
untaxed reserves is the amount given by the formula in subsection (6):
(b)
reserves imputation credit is the total amount given by the formula in subsection (7B), up to the maximum permitted ratio for the untaxed reserves under section OA 18 (Calculation of maximum permitted ratios) and is treated as an attached imputation credit included in the dividend calculated under this section:
(c)
effective interest is the person’s effective look-through interest for an LTC on the relevant day under subsection (1)(a) or (b).
Formula
(6)
For the purposes of subsection (5)(a), the amount of untaxed reserves is calculated using the formula—
dividends – assessable income – exit exemption.
Definition of items in formula
(7)
In the formula in subsection (6),—
(a)
dividends is the sum of the amounts that would be dividends if the following events occurred for the company or the amalgamating company (the company), immediately before it became an LTC or amalgamated with an LTC:
(i)
it disposed of all of its property, other than cash, to an unrelated person at market value for cash; and
(ii)
it met all of its liabilities at market value, including income tax liabilities for the disposal year but excluding income tax liabilities that would arise solely from meeting all of its liabilities at market value or from disposing of all of its property; and
(iii)
it was liquidated, with the amount of cash remaining being distributed to shareholders without imputation credits attached:
(b)
assessable income is the total assessable income that the company would derive by taking the actions described in paragraph (a)(i) and (ii) less the amount of any deduction that the company would have for taking those actions:
(c)
exit exemption is the amount given by the formula in section CX 63(2) (Dividends derived after ceased to be look-through company), treating the amount described in paragraph (a) as a dividend paid by the company for the purposes of section CX 63(1), if section CX 63 would apply to a dividend paid by the company.
Formula
(7B)
For the purposes of subsection (5)(b), the amount of reserves imputation credit is calculated using the formula—
current credits + future amounts.
Definition of items in formula
(7C)
In the formula in subsection (7B),—
(a)
current credits is the amount of the balance in the company’s imputation credit account on the relevant day:
(b)
future amounts is an amount of income tax payable for an earlier income year but not paid on or before the relevant day, less refunds due for the earlier income year but paid after the relevant day.
Formula
(8)
For the purposes of subsection (2)(b), the amount of income is a positive amount calculated using the formula—
((balances ÷ tax rate – balances) + balances imputation credit) × effective interest.
Definition of items in formula
(9)
In the formula in subsection (8),—
(a)
balances is the sum of the following amounts:
(i)
the balance in the company’s imputation credit account on the relevant day:
(ii)
an amount of income tax payable for an earlier income year but not paid on or before the relevant day, less refunds due for the earlier income year but paid after the relevant day:
(b)
tax rate is the basic tax rate for the income year of the company that contains the relevant day described in subsection (10):
(c)
balances imputation credit is the amount of the item balances in paragraph (a), and is treated as an attached imputation credit included in the dividend calculated under this section:
(d)
effective interest is the person’s effective look-through interest for an LTC on the relevant day under subsection (1)(a) or (b).
Relevant day
(10)
In this section, the relevant day for measuring relevant items in the formulas is—
(a)
the last day of the income year before the income year described in subsection (1)(a), as applicable; or
(b)
the day of the amalgamation described in subsection (1)(b), as applicable.
Income tax and refund
(11)
For the purposes of subsections (7C)(b) and (9)(a)(ii),—
(a)
income tax payable is income tax that would, when paid, give rise to a credit in the company’s imputation credit account under sections OB 4 to OB 29 (which relate to imputation credits):
(b)
a refund of income tax due is the amount that would, when paid, give rise to a debit to the company’s imputation credit account under sections OB 30 to OB 59 (which relate to imputation debits).
Defined in this Act: amalgamating company, amalgamation, amount, assessable income, basic tax rate, company, deduction, dispose, dividend, effective look-through interest, fully imputed, imputation credit, imputation credit account, income, income tax, income year, liquidation, look-through company, qualifying company
Section CB 32C: replaced, on 1 April 2017 (applying for the 2017–18 and later income years), by section 14(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CB 32C(5)(b): replaced, on 29 March 2018 (with effect on 1 April 2017 and applying for the 2017–18 and later income years), by section 8(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CB 32C(7)(a)(ii): replaced, on 29 March 2018 (with effect on 1 April 2017 and applying for the 2017–18 and later income years), by section 8(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CB 32C(7B) heading: inserted, on 29 March 2018 (with effect on 1 April 2017 and applying for the 2017–18 and later income years), by section 8(3) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CB 32C(7B): inserted, on 29 March 2018 (with effect on 1 April 2017 and applying for the 2017–18 and later income years), by section 8(3) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CB 32C(7C) heading: inserted, on 29 March 2018 (with effect on 1 April 2017 and applying for the 2017–18 and later income years), by section 8(3) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CB 32C(7C): inserted, on 29 March 2018 (with effect on 1 April 2017 and applying for the 2017–18 and later income years), by section 8(3) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CB 32C(9)(a)(i): amended, on 29 March 2018 (with effect on 1 April 2017 and applying for the 2017–18 and later income years), by section 8(4)(a) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CB 32C(9)(a)(ii): amended, on 29 March 2018 (with effect on 1 April 2017 and applying for the 2017–18 and later income years), by section 8(4)(b) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CB 32C(10): amended, on 29 March 2018 (with effect on 1 April 2017 and applying for the 2017–18 and later income years), by section 8(5) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CB 32C(11): amended, on 29 March 2018 (with effect on 1 April 2017 and applying for the 2017–18 and later income years), by section 8(6) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Mutual associations
CB 33 Amounts derived by mutual associations
When this section applies
(1)
This section applies when an association enters into a transaction of a kind described in section HE 2 (Classes of mutual transaction) with—
(a)
1 or more members; or
(b)
1 or more members along with 1 or more persons who are not members of the association.
Income: other income provisions
(2)
If the association derives from the transaction an amount that would, in the absence of this subsection, be income under a provision in this Part but for the mutual character of the transaction, the amount is income of the association.
Defined in this Act: amount, association, income, income year, member
Compare: 2004 No 35 s HF 1(1)
Section CB 33(2) heading: substituted (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 7 September 2010 (applying for the 2008–09 and later income years), by section 5(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Trans-Tasman Savings Portability, KiwiSaver, and Remedial Matters) Act 2010 (2010 No 109).
Section CB 33(2): substituted (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 7 September 2010 (applying for the 2008–09 and later income years), by section 5(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Trans-Tasman Savings Portability, KiwiSaver, and Remedial Matters) Act 2010 (2010 No 109).
CB 34 Amounts derived by members from mutual associations
When this section applies
(1)
This section applies when an association, in relation to a mutual transaction, pays an association rebate to a member in an income year in circumstances where a payment for the transaction would be taken into account in determining the taxable income of the member.
Income
(2)
The amount of the association rebate is income of the member in the income year but only to the extent of the amount of the association’s deduction under section DV 19 (Association rebates).
Statutory producer boards: timing of payment
(3)
If a statutory producer board pays an association rebate to a member that is a mutual association, the association is treated as deriving the amount in the income year in which the producer board chooses under section DV 19(7) to have the amount as the deduction.
When amount paid
(4)
For the purposes of this section, an amount is treated as having been paid to a person when it is credited in account or dealt with in some way in their interest or on their behalf. Subsection (3) overrides this subsection.
Relationship with dividend rules
(5)
An association rebate—
(a)
is not a dividend to the extent to which it is a payment of the kind described in subsection (2) and is no more than the amount of the deduction the association is allowed under section DV 19; and
(b)
for an association that is not a company, and to the extent to which it is more than the amount of the deduction the association is allowed under section DV 19, is income of the member.
Defined in this Act: amount, association, association rebate, deduction, dividend, income, income year, member, pay, statutory producer board
Compare: 2004 No 35 s HF 1(3)(c), (5), (6)
Partners and partnerships
Heading: added, on 1 April 2008, by section 5(1) of the Taxation (Limited Partnerships) Act 2008 (2008 No 2).
CB 35 Amounts of income for partners
A person who is a partner has an amount of income to the extent to which an amount of income results from the application of subpart HG (Joint venturers, partners, and partnerships) to them and their partnership.
Defined in this Act: amount, income, partner, partnership
Section CB 35: added, on 1 April 2008, by section 5(1) of the Taxation (Limited Partnerships) Act 2008 (2008 No 2).
Emissions units under Climate Change Response Act 2002
Heading: substituted (with effect on 1 January 2009), on 6 October 2009, by section 10 of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
CB 36 Disposal of emissions units
When this section applies
(1)
This section applies when a person disposes of an emissions unit.
Income
(2)
The amount that the person derives on the disposal is income.
Surrender of unit: deemed sale at given value
(3)
If the disposal is by surrender under the Climate Change Response Act 2002, the person is treated as having sold the unit, at the time of the surrender, to an unrelated person for an amount equal to—
(a)
the unit’s cost, if none of paragraphs (b) to (f) applies; or
(b)
the unit’s value under section ED 1(7B) (Valuation of excepted financial arrangements), if that subsection applies and none of paragraphs (c) to (f) apply; or
(c)
zero, if subsection (4) applies; or
(d)
zero, if subsection (5) applies; or
(e)
the unit’s market value, if subsection (6) applies; or
(f)
the unit’s market value, if subsection (7) applies.
Surrender of unit: emissions relating to post-1989 forest land
(4)
The person is treated as selling the unit for an amount of zero if the person surrenders the emissions unit in relation to post-1989 forest land, including for ceasing an activity in relation to post-1989 forest land.
Surrender of unit: under forest sink covenant
(4B)
The person is treated as selling the unit for an amount of zero if the person transfers the emissions unit to the Crown under a forest sink covenant under section 67Y of the Forests Act 1949.
Surrender of unit: deforestation of some pre-1990 forest land
(5)
The person is treated as selling the unit for an amount of zero if—
(a)
the person surrenders the emissions unit in relation to the deforestation of pre-1990 forest land; and
(b)
the person would derive income, other than exempt income or excluded income, from a disposal of the land without timber at the time of the surrender.
Surrender of post-1989 forest land emissions unit or forest sink emissions unit: for other purposes
(6)
The person is treated as selling a post-1989 forest land emissions unit or forest sink emissions unit for an amount equal to the unit’s market value if the person surrenders the emissions unit other than—
(a)
for emissions in relation to post-1989 forest land:
(b)
by a transfer to the Crown required by a permanent forestry scheme:
(c)
for ceasing an activity in relation to post-1989 forest land.
Surrender of unit: free unit other than forest land unit
(7)
The person is treated as selling a unit that is not a forest land emissions unit for an amount equal to the unit’s market value if—
(a)
the person surrenders the unit when it has a value of zero; and
(b)
the unit was transferred to the person under Part 4, subpart 2 of the Climate Change Response Act 2002 at a price of zero.
Converted unit treated as sold
(8)
If a person converts a New Zealand emissions unit, other than a forest land emissions unit, into something else under the Climate Change Response Act 2002, the person is treated as having sold the converted unit for an amount equal to—
(a)
the unit’s value under section ED 1(7B), if that subsection applies; or
(b)
the unit’s cost, otherwise.
Cancellation of historic approved overseas unit and replacement with New Zealand emissions unit
(8B)
If a person transfers an approved overseas unit as defined in section 4(1) of the Climate Change Response Act 2002 for cancellation under schedule 1AA, clause 14(2) of that Act and is transferred a New Zealand emissions unit under schedule 1AA, clause 14(3) of that Act, the person is treated as having sold the approved overseas unit for an amount equal to—
(a)
the unit’s value under section ED 1(7B), if that subsection applies; or
(b)
the unit’s cost, otherwise.
Surrender of forest sink emissions unit for entitlement to New Zealand emissions unit
(8C)
If a person surrenders a forest sink emissions unit under schedule 1AA, clause 30(2) of the Climate Change Response Act 2002 and receives an entitlement to a New Zealand emissions unit under schedule 1AA, clause 30(4) of that Act, the person is treated as having sold the forest sink emissions unit for an amount equal to—
(a)
the unit’s value under section ED 1(7B), if that subsection applies; or
(b)
the unit’s cost, otherwise.
Cancellation of unit
(8D)
If a person cancels an emissions unit, the person is treated as selling the unit for an amount of zero.
Excluded income: pre-1990 forest land emissions unit
(9)
Section CX 51B (Disposal of pre-1990 forest land emissions units) applies to the disposal to another person of a pre-1990 forest land emissions unit.
Excluded income: fishing quota emissions unit
(10)
Section CX 51C (Disposal of fishing quota emissions units) applies to the disposal to another person of a fishing quota emissions unit.
Defined in this Act: amount, convert, emissions unit, fishing quota emissions unit, forest land emissions unit, forest sink emissions unit, New Zealand emissions unit, permanent forestry scheme, pre-1990 forest land emissions unit, post-1989 forest land emissions unit, surrender
Section CB 36: substituted (with effect on 1 January 2009), on 6 October 2009, by section 10 of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
Section CB 36(4): amended (with effect on 1 January 2009), on 29 March 2025, by section 8(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2024–25, Emergency Response, and Remedial Measures) Act 2025 (2025 No 9).
Section CB 36(4): amended (with effect on 1 July 2010), on 17 July 2013, by section 5 of the Taxation (Livestock Valuation, Assets Expenditure, and Remedial Matters) Act 2013 (2013 No 52).
Section CB 36(4B) heading: inserted (with effect on 1 January 2009), on 7 September 2010, by section 6(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Trans-Tasman Savings Portability, KiwiSaver, and Remedial Matters) Act 2010 (2010 No 109).
Section CB 36(4B): inserted (with effect on 1 January 2009), on 7 September 2010, by section 6(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Trans-Tasman Savings Portability, KiwiSaver, and Remedial Matters) Act 2010 (2010 No 109).
Section CB 36(6) heading: substituted (with effect on 1 January 2009), on 7 September 2010, by section 6(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Trans-Tasman Savings Portability, KiwiSaver, and Remedial Matters) Act 2010 (2010 No 109).
Section CB 36(6): substituted (with effect on 1 January 2009), on 7 September 2010, by section 6(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Trans-Tasman Savings Portability, KiwiSaver, and Remedial Matters) Act 2010 (2010 No 109).
Section CB 36(6)(b): replaced, on 23 June 2020, by section 279 of the Climate Change Response (Emissions Trading Reform) Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 22).
Section CB 36(6)(c): inserted (with effect on 1 January 2009), on 29 March 2025, by section 8(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2024–25, Emergency Response, and Remedial Measures) Act 2025 (2025 No 9).
Section CB 36(7): substituted (with effect on 1 July 2010), on 21 December 2010, by section 27 of the Taxation (GST and Remedial Matters) Act 2010 (2010 No 130).
Section CB 36(8): amended, on 23 June 2020, by section 279 of the Climate Change Response (Emissions Trading Reform) Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 22).
Section CB 36(8B) heading: inserted, on 23 June 2020, by section 279 of the Climate Change Response (Emissions Trading Reform) Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 22).
Section CB 36(8B): inserted, on 23 June 2020, by section 279 of the Climate Change Response (Emissions Trading Reform) Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 22).
Section CB 36(8C) heading: inserted, on 23 June 2020, by section 279 of the Climate Change Response (Emissions Trading Reform) Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 22).
Section CB 36(8C): inserted, on 23 June 2020, by section 279 of the Climate Change Response (Emissions Trading Reform) Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 22).
Section CB 36(8D) heading: inserted (with effect on 1 January 2009), on 30 March 2022, by section 50(1) (and see section 50(2) for application) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2021–22, GST, and Remedial Matters) Act 2022 (2022 No 10).
Section CB 36(8D): inserted (with effect on 1 January 2009), on 30 March 2022, by section 50(1) (and see section 50(2) for application) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2021–22, GST, and Remedial Matters) Act 2022 (2022 No 10).
Section CB 36(9) heading: substituted (with effect on 1 January 2009), on 7 September 2010, by section 6(3) of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Trans-Tasman Savings Portability, KiwiSaver, and Remedial Matters) Act 2010 (2010 No 109).
Section CB 36(10) heading: added (with effect on 1 July 2010), on 7 September 2010, by section 6(4) of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Trans-Tasman Savings Portability, KiwiSaver, and Remedial Matters) Act 2010 (2010 No 109).
Section CB 36(10): added (with effect on 1 July 2010), on 7 September 2010, by section 6(4) of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Trans-Tasman Savings Portability, KiwiSaver, and Remedial Matters) Act 2010 (2010 No 109).
Section CB 36 list of defined terms fishing quota emissions unit: inserted (with effect on 1 July 2010), on 7 September 2010, by section 6(5)(a) of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Trans-Tasman Savings Portability, KiwiSaver, and Remedial Matters) Act 2010 (2010 No 109).
Section CB 36 list of defined terms forest sink emissions unit: inserted (with effect on 1 January 2009), on 7 September 2010, by section 6(5)(b) of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Trans-Tasman Savings Portability, KiwiSaver, and Remedial Matters) Act 2010 (2010 No 109).
Section CB 36 list of defined terms Kyoto emissions unit: repealed (with effect on 1 January 2009), on 27 February 2014, by section 5 of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Foreign Superannuation, and Remedial Matters) Act 2014 (2014 No 4).
Section CB 36 list of defined terms permanent forestry scheme: inserted, on 23 June 2020, by section 279 of the Climate Change Response (Emissions Trading Reform) Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 22).
Subpart CC—Income from holding property (excluding equity)
Contents
Land use
CC 1 Land
Income
(1)
An amount described in subsection (2) is income of the owner of land if they derive the amount from—
(a)
a lease, licence, or easement affecting the land; or
(b)
the grant of a right to take the profits of the land.
Amounts
(2)
The amounts are—
(a)
rent:
(b)
a fine:
(c)
a premium:
(d)
a payment for the goodwill of a business:
(e)
a payment for the benefit of a statutory licence:
(f)
a payment for the benefit of a statutory privilege:
(g)
other revenues.
Amounts derived from certain assets
(2B)
Despite subsections (1) and (2), an amount referred to in section CW 8B (Certain amounts derived from use of assets) is not a payment of rent or another amount for the purposes of this section.
Exception for amount from grant of easement[Repealed]
(2C)
[Repealed]Relationship with section GC 5
(3)
The treatment of leases of property to related parties for less than an adequate rent is dealt with in section GC 5 (Leases for inadequate rent).
Defined in this Act: amount, business, income, lease, own, pay
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CC 1
Section CC 1(2B) heading: inserted (with effect on 1 April 2013 and applying for the 2013–14 and later income years), on 17 July 2013, by section 6(1) of the Taxation (Livestock Valuation, Assets Expenditure, and Remedial Matters) Act 2013 (2013 No 52).
Section CC 1(2B): inserted (with effect on 1 April 2013 and applying for the 2013–14 and later income years), on 17 July 2013, by section 6(1) of the Taxation (Livestock Valuation, Assets Expenditure, and Remedial Matters) Act 2013 (2013 No 52).
Section CC 1(2C) heading: repealed (with effect on 1 April 2015), on 23 March 2020, pursuant to section 85 of the Taxation (KiwiSaver, Student Loans, and Remedial Matters) Act 2020 (2020 No 5).
Section CC 1(2C): repealed (with effect on 1 April 2015), on 23 March 2020, by section 85 of the Taxation (KiwiSaver, Student Loans, and Remedial Matters) Act 2020 (2020 No 5).
CC 1B Consideration relating to grant, renewal, extension, or transfer of leasehold estate or licence
When this section applies
(1)
This section applies when a person (the payee) derives an amount—
(a)
in relation to a right (the land right) that is—
(i)
a leasehold estate not including a perpetual right of renewal:
(ii)
a licence to use land; and
(b)
as consideration for—
(i)
the agreement by the payee to the grant, renewal, extension, or transfer of the land right:
(ii)
the grant, renewal, extension, or transfer of the land right.
Income
(2)
The amount is income of the payee.
Exception for payment as consideration for transfer of land right
(3)
The amount is not income of the payee if—
(a)
the payee is the holder of the land right; and
(b)
the amount is consideration for the transfer of the land right to the person paying the amount; and
(c)
the amount is not sourced from funds provided, by the owner of the estate in land from which the land right is granted, for purposes that include obtaining the surrender or termination of the land right; and
(d)
each of the payee and the person paying the amount is not associated with the owner of the estate in land from which the land right is granted.
Exception for tenant or licensee of residential premises
(4)
The amount is not income of the payee if the payee—
(a)
is a natural person and derives the amount as a tenant or licensee of residential premises whose expenditure on the residential premises does not meet the requirements of the general permission; and
(b)
is not associated with the owner of the estate in land from which the land right is granted.
Exception for payment of capital contribution
(5)
The amount is not income of the payee if the amount is derived as a capital contribution.
Exception for payment as consideration for grant of permanent easement
(6)
The amount is not income of the payee if—
(a)
the payee is the owner of a fee simple estate in land; and
(b)
the amount—
(i)
is consideration for the grant, for the duration of the estate, of an easement over the land; and
(ii)
is not a periodic payment.
Defined in this Act: amount, associated, capital contribution, estate, general permission, income, land, leasehold estate, own, pay
Section CC 1B: replaced, on 1 April 2015 (applying to an amount derived on or after that date), by section 10(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Employee Allowances, and Remedial Matters) Act 2014 (2014 No 39).
Section CC 1B(1): amended (with effect on 1 April 2013, until the replacement of section CC 1B on 1 April 2015), on 23 March 2020, by section 86(1) (and see section 86(2) for application) of the Taxation (KiwiSaver, Student Loans, and Remedial Matters) Act 2020 (2020 No 5).
Section CC 1B(1)(a): amended (with effect on 1 April 2015), on 23 March 2020, by section 87(1) of the Taxation (KiwiSaver, Student Loans, and Remedial Matters) Act 2020 (2020 No 5).
Section CC 1B(1)(b)(ii): replaced (with effect on 1 April 2015), on 23 March 2020, by section 87(2) (and see section 87(4) for application) of the Taxation (KiwiSaver, Student Loans, and Remedial Matters) Act 2020 (2020 No 5).
Section CC 1B(6) heading: inserted (with effect on 1 April 2015), on 23 March 2020, by section 87(3) of the Taxation (KiwiSaver, Student Loans, and Remedial Matters) Act 2020 (2020 No 5).
Section CC 1B(6): inserted (with effect on 1 April 2015), on 23 March 2020, by section 87(3) of the Taxation (KiwiSaver, Student Loans, and Remedial Matters) Act 2020 (2020 No 5).
CC 1C Consideration for agreement to surrender leasehold estate or terminate licence
When this section applies
(1)
This section applies when—
(a)
a person (the payee) is the owner of—
(i)
an estate in land from which is granted a right (the land right) that is a leasehold estate not including a perpetual right of renewal, or is a licence to use land:
(ii)
the land right; and
(b)
derives an amount as consideration for the agreement by the payee to the surrender or termination of the land right.
Income
(2)
The amount is income of the payee.
Exception for tenant or licensee of residential premises
(3)
The amount is not income if the payee is a natural person and derives the amount as a tenant or licensee of residential premises whose expenditure on the residential premises does not meet the requirements of the general permission.
Defined in this Act: amount, general permission, income, land, leasehold estate, own
Section CC 1C: inserted (with effect on 1 April 2013 and applying to an amount that is derived on or after that date), on 17 July 2013, by section 7(2) of the Taxation (Livestock Valuation, Assets Expenditure, and Remedial Matters) Act 2013 (2013 No 52).
Section CC 1C(1): replaced (with effect on 1 April 2013 and applying to an amount derived on or after that date), on 30 June 2014, by section 11(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Employee Allowances, and Remedial Matters) Act 2014 (2014 No 39).
CC 2 Non-compliance with covenant for repair
When this section applies
(1)
This section applies when a person who is a lessor of land derives an amount for non-compliance by the lessee with an obligation under a lease of the land—
(a)
to maintain the land; or
(b)
to make repairs to improvements on the land.
Income
(2)
The amount is income of the lessor.
Timing of income
(3)
The income is allocated to the income year in which the lessor receives the amount.
Relationship with sections EI 5 and EI 6
(4)
Subsection (3) is overridden by sections EI 5 (Amount paid to lessor for non-compliance with covenant for repair) and EI 6 (Amount paid for non-compliance: when lessor ceases to own land).
Defined in this Act: amount, income, income year, lease, repairs
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CC 2
CC 2B Compensation for land or buildings affected by emergency events
An amount derived by a person under section FP 5(2) (Replacement property for land or buildings affected by emergency events) is income of the person.
Defined in this Act: amount, income
Section CC 2B: inserted, on 1 April 2025, by section 9 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2024–25, Emergency Response, and Remedial Measures) Act 2025 (2025 No 9).
CC 2C Compensation for improvements to land affected by emergency events
An amount derived by a person under section FP 12(2) or (4) (Replacement property for improvements to land affected by emergency events) is income of the person.
Defined in this Act: amount, income
Section CC 2C: inserted, on 1 April 2025, by section 9 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2024–25, Emergency Response, and Remedial Measures) Act 2025 (2025 No 9).
Financial instruments
CC 3 Financial arrangements
Income: party to financial arrangement
(1)
If a person who is a party to a financial arrangement is treated as deriving an amount of income under the financial arrangement under subpart EW (Financial arrangements rules), the amount is income of the person.
Income: trustee
(2)
Income derived by a trustee in the circumstances described in section EW 50 (Income when debt forgiven to trustee) is income of the trustee.
Defined in this Act: amount, financial arrangement, income, trustee
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CC 3
CC 4 Payments of interest
Income
(1)
Interest derived by a person is income of the person.
Apportionment
(2)
Interest due but unpaid on the date on which a person disposes of a security is apportioned between the person disposing of the security and the person acquiring it.
Non-resident financial arrangement income
(3)
Non-resident financial arrangement income derived by a person is income of the person.
Defined in this Act: income, interest, non-resident financial arrangement income, pay
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CC 4
Section CC 4(3) heading: inserted, on 30 March 2017, by section 15(1) (and see section 5) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CC 4(3): inserted, on 30 March 2017, by section 15(1) (and see section 5) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CC 4 list of defined terms non-resident financial arrangement income: inserted, on 30 March 2017, by section 15(2) (and see section 5) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
CC 5 Annuities
Income
(1)
An annuity derived by a person is income of the person.
Apportionment
(2)
Income under an annuity due but unpaid on the date on which a person disposes of the annuity is apportioned between the person disposing of the annuity and the person acquiring it.
Relationship with sections CW 4 and CW 30
(3)
This section is overridden by sections CW 4 (Annuities under life insurance policies) and CW 30 (Annuities from Crown Bank Accounts).
Defined in this Act: income, pay
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CC 5
CC 6 Prizes received under Building Societies Act 1965
Income
(1)
A prize received by a person under section 31A of the Building Societies Act 1965 is income of the person, whether they take it as cash or as an advance.
Timing of income
(2)
The income is allocated as follows:
(a)
a cash prize is allocated to the day on which the bonus ballot giving rise to the prize is held; and
(b)
an advance is allocated to the day on which the advance is made or, if the advance is made in a series of advances, to the first day on which an advance is made.
Defined in this Act: income
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CC 6
CC 7 Consideration other than in money
When this section applies
(1)
This section applies when—
(a)
a lender provides money to a borrower for use in a business that the borrower carries on in New Zealand; and
(b)
the borrower provides to the lender, as some or all of the consideration, a tangible or intangible benefit that—
(i)
is not interest; and
(ii)
may or may not be relief from an obligation; and
(iii)
may or may not be convertible into money; and
(c)
the borrowing is a commercial transaction under which the borrower would have been liable to pay interest at the current commercial rate, given the nature and term of the loan, if the borrower had not provided the benefit, whether or not the contract between the borrower and the lender provides for the payment of interest if the benefit is not provided.
Income
(2)
The amount described in subsection (3) is income of the lender.
Amount of income
(3)
The amount is the interest that the borrower would have been liable to pay if the lender had lent the money to the borrower in consideration of the payment of interest at the current commercial rate, given the nature and term of the loan, reduced by the amount of any interest that the borrower pays.
Defined in this Act: amount, business, income, interest, New Zealand, pay
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CC 7
CC 8 Use of money interest payable by Commissioner
Income
(1)
Interest payable by the Commissioner to a person under Part 7 of the Tax Administration Act 1994 is income of the person.
Timing of income
(2)
Interest to which this section applies is allocated under section EF 4 (Use of money interest payable by Commissioner).
Relationship with financial arrangements rules
(3)
Interest to which this section applies is disregarded for the purposes of the financial arrangements rules.
Defined in this Act: Commissioner, financial arrangements rules, income, interest, pay
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CC 8
CC 8B Certain commercial bills: non-resident holders
When this section applies
(1)
This section applies when a non-resident holder of a commercial bill who is required to calculate and allocate income and expenditure under neither the financial arrangements rules nor the old financial arrangements rules because of the application of section EW 9(2) to (4) or EZ 45(e) (which relate to the application of the rules)—
(a)
disposes of the commercial bill other than by redemption; or
(b)
redeems a commercial bill whose issuer is an associated person of the non-resident.
Income: disposal
(2)
The value of the commercial bill on the day the non-resident holder disposes of it is income of the person.
Income: redemption
(3)
The amount that the non-resident holder receives on redemption is income of the person.
Defined in this Act: amount, commercial bill, financial arrangements rules, income, non-resident, old financial arrangements rules
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CZ 8
Section CC 8B: inserted (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 6 October 2009, by section 11(1) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
Royalties
CC 9 Royalties
Income
(1)
A royalty derived by a person is income of the person.
Meaning of royalty
(2)
Royalty includes a payment of any kind derived as consideration for—
(a)
the use of, or right to use, a copyright, patent, plant variety rights, trademark, design or model, plan, secret formula or process, or other similar property or right:
(b)
the use of, or right to use, a mine or quarry:
(c)
the extraction, removal, or other exploitation of standing timber or a natural resource:
(d)
the right to extract, remove, or otherwise exploit standing timber or a natural resource:
(e)
the use of, or right to use, a film, a videotape, or a tape in connection with radio broadcasting:
(f)
the supply of scientific, technical, industrial, or commercial knowledge or information:
(g)
the total or partial forbearance of the use of, or the grant of a right to use, property or a right referred to in any of paragraphs (a) to (e):
(h)
the supply of assistance that enables the application or use of anything in any of paragraphs (a) to (f):
(i)
the total or partial forbearance of the supply of knowledge or information or assistance referred to in paragraph (f) or (h).
Relevance of description of payment
(3)
For the purposes of subsection (2), none of the following is relevant:
(a)
how the payment is described or computed:
(b)
whether the payment is periodical or otherwise:
(c)
whether the payment is an instalment of the purchase price of real property:
(d)
whether the payment is an instalment of the purchase price of personal property.
Defined in this Act: income, natural resource, pay, royalty, standing timber
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CC 9
Section CC 9 list of defined terms natural resource: inserted (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 7 December 2009, by section 126 of the Taxation (Consequential Rate Alignment and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 63).
CC 9B Resale royalties
When this section applies
(1)
This section applies when—
(a)
a person receives a resale royalty in respect of the resale of an original visual artwork under section 18 of the Resale Right for Visual Artists Act 2023; and
(b)
the resale royalty is income of the person under section CB 1 (Amounts derived from business).
Income
(2)
The amount of the resale royalty retained by the collection agency under section 20 of the Resale Right for Visual Artists Act 2023 is treated as income of the person.
Defined in this Act: collection agency, income, resale royalty
Section CC 9B: inserted (with effect on 1 December 2024), on 29 March 2025, by section 10 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2024–25, Emergency Response, and Remedial Measures) Act 2025 (2025 No 9).
CC 9C Amount of resale royalty retained by collection agency
When this section applies
(1)
This section applies when the collection agency receives an amount of a resale royalty under section 17 of the Resale Right for Visual Artists Act 2023.
Income
(2)
The amount is not income of the collection agency except to the extent of the amount that the collection agency is entitled to retain under section 20 of that Act.
Defined in this Act: collection agency, income, resale royalty
Section CC 9C: inserted (with effect on 1 December 2024), on 29 March 2025, by section 10 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2024–25, Emergency Response, and Remedial Measures) Act 2025 (2025 No 9).
CC 10 Films
When this section applies
(1)
This section applies when a person has a right or interest of any of the kinds described in subsection (2) in or to—
(a)
a film; or
(b)
a print of the film; or
(c)
publicity material for the film; or
(d)
any other tangible asset relating to the film.
Right or interest
(2)
The right or interest is a right or interest, including a future or contingent right or interest, of any of the following kinds:
(a)
copyright in the film:
(b)
a licence relating to the copyright:
(c)
an equitable right in the copyright:
(d)
an equitable right in a licence relating to the copyright:
(e)
any other right existing in or attaching to the film:
(f)
a right to income, or a share of income, from the rental, sale, use, or other exploitation of the film.
Income
(3)
The following amounts are income of the person:
(a)
an amount received or receivable by the person for—
(i)
the use of, or the right to use, the film or a right or interest in a right in the film:
(ii)
the granting of a licence for a future right in the film:
(iii)
the disposal of some or all of a right or interest in a right in the film:
(iv)
the assignment of a right or an interest in a right:
(v)
the assignment of a right to derive income from the use of a right or interest; and
(b)
an amount derived by the person from the rental, sale, use, or other exploitation of the film.
Relationship with sections CV 17 and YD 7[Repealed]
(4)
[Repealed]Defined in this Act: amount, film, income
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CC 10
Section CC 10(4) heading: repealed, on 2 November 2012, by section 5 of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Returns Filing, and Remedial Matters) Act 2012 (2012 No 88).
Section CC 10(4): repealed, on 2 November 2012, by section 5 of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Returns Filing, and Remedial Matters) Act 2012 (2012 No 88).
Finance leases
CC 11 Lessee acquiring lease asset on expiry of term of lease
When this section applies
(1)
This section applies for the purposes of section FA 9 (Treatment when lease ends: lessee acquiring asset), when, after the term of a finance lease, a lessee acquires the personal property lease asset and then disposes of it.
Income of lessee
(2)
If the lessee disposes of the lease asset for an amount that is more than the consideration paid for it, the difference is income of the lessee in the income year in which they dispose of the asset.
Defined in this Act: consideration, finance lease, income, lessee, pay, personal property lease asset, tax year
Compare: 2004 No 35 s FC 8E
CC 12 Lessor acquiring lease asset on expiry of term of lease
When this section applies
(1)
This section applies for the purposes of section FA 10(3) (Treatment when lease ends: lessor acquiring asset), when, after the term of a finance lease,—
(a)
a lessor under the lease sells, assigns, or leases the personal property lease asset to another person under another finance lease; and
(b)
the consideration is more than the amount determined under section FA 10(2).
Income of lessor
(2)
To the extent to which the difference between the amount determined under section FA 10(2) and the consideration is not paid by the lessor to the lessee under the original finance lease, the amount is income of the lessor in the income year in which the original lease term ends.
Defined in this Act: consideration, finance lease, income, lessee, lessor, pay, personal property lease asset, tax year
Compare: 2004 No 35 s FC 8D(2)
Hire purchase agreements
CC 13 Amounts paid in income years after hire purchase agreement ends
When this section applies
(1)
This section applies for the purposes of section FA 18 (Treatment of amounts paid in income years after agreement ends), when an amount that is liable to be paid under a hire purchase agreement is paid in an income year that is later than the income year in which the agreement ends.
Income of seller
(2)
An amount that the buyer is liable to pay under the terms of the agreement is income of the seller in the income year in which they receive it.
Income of buyer
(3)
An amount paid by the seller to the buyer under section FA 18(3)(b) is income of the buyer in the income year in which the amount is paid.
Defined in this Act: amount, hire purchase agreement, income, income year, pay
Compare: 2004 No 35 s FC 10(5)(d)–(f)
IFRS leases
Heading: inserted (with effect on 1 January 2019), on 30 March 2021, by section 14(1) (and see section 14(2) for application) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2020–21, Feasibility Expenditure, and Remedial Matters) Act 2021 (2021 No 8).
CC 14 NZ IFRS 16 leases
When this section applies
(1)
This section applies when a person has, under section EJ 10B (IFRS leases), an amount of income for their IFRS lease.
Amount, and timing, of income
(2)
The person has income quantified and allocated under section EJ 10B.
Defined in this Act: amount, income, person
Section CC 14: inserted (with effect on 1 January 2019), on 30 March 2021, by section 14(1) (and see section 14(2) for application) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2020–21, Feasibility Expenditure, and Remedial Matters) Act 2021 (2021 No 8).
New investment assets: change of use
Heading: inserted (with effect on 22 May 2025), on 29 May 2025, by section 4 of the Taxation (Budget Measures) Act 2025 (2025 No 26).
CC 15 New investment assets: change of use
When this section applies
(1)
This section applies, for a person and a new investment asset, when—
(a)
the person has deducted an amount (the deducted DI 5 amount) for expenditure incurred in acquiring the asset under section DI 5 (New investment asset deduction) for an income year; and
(b)
the person changes their use of the asset in a subsequent income year; and
(c)
the change of use means the amount of the deduction the person would have been allowed under section DI 5 if the section were applied as if the income year were the income year in which the change of use occurs is less than the deducted DI 5 amount.
When this section does not apply: less than 25% change in use
(2)
This section does not apply when the amount calculated using the following formula, expressed as a percentage, is less than 25%:
1 − (new DI 5 deduction ÷ existing DI 5 deduction).
Income
(3)
The person has an amount of income equal to the amount calculated using the following formula:
existing DI 5 deduction − new DI 5 deduction.
Items in formulas
(4)
In the formulas in subsections (2) and (3),—
(a)
new DI 5 deduction is the amount the person would have been allowed as a deduction under section DI 5 if the section were applied as if the income year referred to in the section were the income year in which the change of use occurs:
(b)
existing DI 5 deduction is,—
(i)
if subparagraph (ii) does not apply, the deducted DI 5 amount:
(ii)
if this section has previously been applied to the asset, the amount that was the new DI 5 deduction amount in the formula on the preceding application of this section.
Relationship with subject matter
(5)
For an asset that is depreciable property, the amount of income under subsection (3) increases the asset’s adjusted tax value for the purposes of section EE 48(1)(a) (Effect of disposal or event).
Example 1
Thomas buys a new yacht for $100,000 that he begins using in the 2025–26 income year. He determines that the yacht will be used 90% of the time for business use and chooses to claim a new investment asset deduction on this basis. He therefore claims $18,000 as a new investment asset deduction, which is 90% of the full $20,000 deduction that was available to him under section DI 5. However, he reduces the cost or adjusted tax value used for determining depreciation of the yacht by $20,000 in accordance with section DI 6. In the 2026–27 income year, he only uses the yacht 40% of the time for business. This is a change of use of 25% or more. Had Thomas taken the new investment asset deduction in the 2026–27 income year, he would only have been entitled to claim $8,000, being 40% of the full deduction available. Thomas must return income of $10,000 ($18,000 − $8,000) in the 2026–27 income year. The asset’s adjusted tax value is increased by $10,000 accordingly.
Example 2
Adam buys a commercial property, comprising land and a commercial building, for $15 million in the 2025–26 income year. The cost of the building is $10 million. He claims $2 million as a new investment asset deduction in that income year, and the cost or adjusted tax value of the building is reduced to $8 million. In the 2027–28 income year, Adam decides to rent out the top floor of the building as residential accommodation. This constitutes 25% of the floor space of the building. This is a change of use of 25% or more. Had Adam taken the new investment asset deduction in the 2027–28 income year, the building would only have been a new investment asset to the extent of the 75% of the building that was not a dwelling. Therefore, Adam would only have been able to claim a new investment asset deduction of $1.5 million, being 75% of the full deduction available. Adam must return income of $500,000 ($2 million − $1.5 million) in the 2027–28 income year. The adjusted tax value of the building is increased by $500,000 accordingly.
Defined in this Act: adjusted tax value, amount, commercial building, deduction, depreciable property, dwelling, income, income year, land, new investment asset
Section CC 15: replaced (with effect on 22 May 2025), on 30 March 2026, by section 5 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2025–26, Compliance Simplification, and Remedial Measures) Act 2026 (2026 No 8).
Subpart CD—Income from equity
Contents
Income
CD 1 Dividend
Income
(1)
A dividend derived by a person is income of the person.
Timing of income: dividends other than non-cash dividends
(2)
The income is allocated to the income year in which the person receives the dividend if the dividend is a dividend other than a non-cash dividend.
Exception: certain dividends derived by dual resident companies
(3)
Despite subsection (2), the income is allocated to the income year of the person in which the DRCD deferral date falls if the dividend—
(a)
is derived by a New Zealand resident company that is treated under a double tax agreement as not being resident in New Zealand; and
(b)
meets the requirements set out in section CW 10(1)(b) to (d), (5), and (6) (Dividend within New Zealand wholly-owned group).
Defined in this Act: company, dividend, double tax agreement, DRCD deferral date, income, income year, New Zealand resident, non-cash dividend, resident in New Zealand
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CD 1
Section CD 1(1) heading: inserted (with effect on 1 April 2020), on 30 March 2021, by section 15(1) (and see section 15(4) for application) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2020–21, Feasibility Expenditure, and Remedial Matters) Act 2021 (2021 No 8).
Section CD 1(2) heading: inserted (with effect on 1 April 2020), on 30 March 2021, by section 15(2) (and see section 15(4) for application) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2020–21, Feasibility Expenditure, and Remedial Matters) Act 2021 (2021 No 8).
Section CD 1(2): inserted (with effect on 1 April 2020), on 30 March 2021, by section 15(2) (and see section 15(4) for application) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2020–21, Feasibility Expenditure, and Remedial Matters) Act 2021 (2021 No 8).
Section CD 1(3) heading: inserted (with effect on 30 August 2022), on 31 March 2023, by section 10(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2022–23, Platform Economy, and Remedial Matters) Act 2023 (2023 No 5).
Section CD 1(3): inserted (with effect on 30 August 2022), on 31 March 2023, by section 10(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2022–23, Platform Economy, and Remedial Matters) Act 2023 (2023 No 5).
Section CD 1 list of defined terms company: inserted (with effect on 30 August 2022), on 31 March 2023, by section 10(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2022–23, Platform Economy, and Remedial Matters) Act 2023 (2023 No 5).
Section CD 1 list of defined terms double tax agreement: inserted (with effect on 30 August 2022), on 31 March 2023, by section 10(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2022–23, Platform Economy, and Remedial Matters) Act 2023 (2023 No 5).
Section CD 1 list of defined terms DRCD deferral date: inserted (with effect on 30 August 2022), on 31 March 2023, by section 10(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2022–23, Platform Economy, and Remedial Matters) Act 2023 (2023 No 5).
Section CD 1 list of defined terms income year: inserted (with effect on 1 April 2020), on 30 March 2021, by section 15(3) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2020–21, Feasibility Expenditure, and Remedial Matters) Act 2021 (2021 No 8).
Section CD 1 list of defined terms New Zealand resident: inserted (with effect on 30 August 2022), on 31 March 2023, by section 10(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2022–23, Platform Economy, and Remedial Matters) Act 2023 (2023 No 5).
Section CD 1 list of defined terms non-cash dividend: inserted (with effect on 1 April 2020), on 30 March 2021, by section 15(3) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2020–21, Feasibility Expenditure, and Remedial Matters) Act 2021 (2021 No 8).
Section CD 1 list of defined terms resident in New Zealand: inserted (with effect on 30 August 2022), on 31 March 2023, by section 10(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2022–23, Platform Economy, and Remedial Matters) Act 2023 (2023 No 5).
CD 2 Distribution excluded from being dividend
A distribution, derived by a member of a co-operative company, that is excluded by section CD 34B or CZ 41 (Distributions to supplying shareholders of Fonterra: 2022–23 to 2024–25 income years) from being a dividend is income of the member.
Defined in this Act: co-operative company, dividend, income
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CD 1B
Section CD 2: amended (with effect on 1 July 2022), on 28 March 2024, by section 13 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2023–24, Multinational Tax, and Remedial Matters) Act 2024 (2024 No 11).
Section CD 2: amended (with effect on 1 April 2010), on 7 September 2010, by section 7 of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Trans-Tasman Savings Portability, KiwiSaver, and Remedial Matters) Act 2010 (2010 No 109).
What is a dividend?
CD 3 Meaning of dividend
Sections CD 4 to CD 20 define what is a dividend.
Defined in this Act: dividend
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CD 2
Section CD 3: amended, on 18 March 2019, by section 128 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2018–19, Modernising Tax Administration, and Remedial Matters) Act 2019 (2019 No 5).
CD 4 Transfers of company value generally
Transfers of company value from company
(1)
A transfer of company value from a company to a person is a dividend if—
(a)
the cause of the transfer is a shareholding in the company, as described in section CD 6; and
(b)
none of the exclusions in sections CD 22 to CD 37 applies to the transfer.
Calculation rules
(2)
Sections CD 38 to CD 42 apply for the purposes of calculating the amount of the dividend.
Defined in this Act: company, dividend, transfer of company value
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CD 3
Section CD 4 heading: amended, on 23 March 2020, by section 88(1) of the Taxation (KiwiSaver, Student Loans, and Remedial Matters) Act 2020 (2020 No 5).
Section CD 4(1) heading: amended, on 23 March 2020, by section 88(2) of the Taxation (KiwiSaver, Student Loans, and Remedial Matters) Act 2020 (2020 No 5).
Section CD 4(1): amended, on 23 March 2020, by section 88(3) of the Taxation (KiwiSaver, Student Loans, and Remedial Matters) Act 2020 (2020 No 5).
Section CD 4 list of defined terms transfer of company value: inserted, on 23 March 2020, by section 88(4) of the Taxation (KiwiSaver, Student Loans, and Remedial Matters) Act 2020 (2020 No 5).
Section CD 4 list of defined terms transfer of value: repealed, on 23 March 2020, by section 88(4) of the Taxation (KiwiSaver, Student Loans, and Remedial Matters) Act 2020 (2020 No 5).
CD 5 What is a transfer of company value?
General test
(1)
A transfer of company value from a company to a person occurs when—
(a)
the company provides money or money’s worth to the person; and
(b)
if the person provides any money or money’s worth to the company under the same arrangement, the market value of what the company provides is more than the market value of what the person provides.
Release of debt
(2)
A company (the creditor) provides money’s worth to a person (the debtor) if the debtor is released from an obligation to pay money to the creditor, either by agreement or by operation of law, except to the extent to which—
(a)
the obligation the debtor is released from is an amount of debt to which section EW 46C(4) (Consideration when debt remitted within economic group) applies; and
(b)
at the time the debtor is released, the debtor is a company that is a member of the same wholly-owned group as the creditor, and the debtor is described in section EW 46C(1)(a) or (b).
When shares are cancelled
(2B)
The market value of any transfer from the shareholder to the company on the cancellation of a share or the shareholder’s rights as a shareholder is zero.
Provision of services for less than market value
(3)
Despite subsection (1), a transfer of company value does not occur to the extent to which the money’s worth provided by the company is only the provision of services.
Limit to subsection (3)
(4)
Subsection (3) does not apply to the provision of services by a company that is a close company, if the provision is the benefit of expenditure of the company.
Defined in this Act: arrangement, close company, company, market value, pay, services, share, shareholder, transfer of company value, wholly-owned group of companies
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CD 4
Section CD 5 heading: amended, on 23 March 2020, by section 89(1) of the Taxation (KiwiSaver, Student Loans, and Remedial Matters) Act 2020 (2020 No 5).
Section CD 5(1): amended, on 23 March 2020, by section 89(2) of the Taxation (KiwiSaver, Student Loans, and Remedial Matters) Act 2020 (2020 No 5).
Section CD 5(2): replaced (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 30 March 2017, by section 16(1) (and see section 16(3)) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CD 5(2)(a): amended (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 30 March 2022, by section 51 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2021–22, GST, and Remedial Matters) Act 2022 (2022 No 10).
Section CD 5(2)(a): amended (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 18 March 2019, by section 129(1) (and see section 129(2) for application) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2018–19, Modernising Tax Administration, and Remedial Matters) Act 2019 (2019 No 5).
Section CD 5(2B) heading: inserted (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 6 October 2009, by section 12(1) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
Section CD 5(2B): inserted (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 6 October 2009, by section 12(1) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
Section CD 5(2B): amended, on 29 March 2018 (with effect on 1 April 2008 and applying for the 2008–09 and later income years), by section 9(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CD 5(3): amended, on 23 March 2020, by section 89(3) of the Taxation (KiwiSaver, Student Loans, and Remedial Matters) Act 2020 (2020 No 5).
Section CD 5 list of defined terms market value: inserted (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 6 October 2009, by section 12(2) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
Section CD 5 list of defined terms share: inserted (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 6 October 2009, by section 12(2) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
Section CD 5 list of defined terms shareholder: inserted (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 6 October 2009, by section 12(2) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
Section CD 5 list of defined terms transfer of company value: inserted, on 23 March 2020, by section 89(4) of the Taxation (KiwiSaver, Student Loans, and Remedial Matters) Act 2020 (2020 No 5).
Section CD 5 list of defined terms transfer of value: repealed, on 23 March 2020, by section 89(4) of the Taxation (KiwiSaver, Student Loans, and Remedial Matters) Act 2020 (2020 No 5).
Section CD 5 list of defined terms wholly-owned group of companies: inserted (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 30 March 2017, by section 16(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
CD 6 When is a transfer caused by a shareholding relationship?
General test
(1)
A transfer of company value from a company to a person (the recipient) is caused by a shareholding in the company if—
(a)
the recipient at any relevant time—
(i)
holds shares in the company; or
(ii)
is associated with a shareholder; and
(iii)
[Repealed](b)
the company makes the transfer because of that shareholding of the relevant shareholder.
Indication that test met
(2)
One indication that a transfer is caused by a shareholding is if the terms of the arrangement that results in the transfer are different from the terms on which the company would enter into a similar arrangement if no shareholding were involved.
Deductible distributions of producer boards
(3)
Despite subsection (1), a transfer of company value by a statutory producer board to a member is not caused by a shareholding if—
(a)
the transfer is a cash distribution; and
(b)
the distribution is a deduction under section DV 19 (Association rebates) or any other provision of this Act; and
(c)
the board does not choose to treat the distribution as a dividend under section OB 73 (Statutory producer boards attaching imputation credits to cash distributions).
Deductible distributions of co-operative companies
(4)
Despite subsection (1), a transfer of company value by a co-operative company to a shareholder is not caused by a shareholding if—
(a)
the transfer is a cash distribution; and
(b)
the distribution is a deduction under section DV 19 or any other provision of this Act; and
(c)
the company does not choose to treat the distribution as a dividend under section OB 82 (When and how co-operative company makes election).
Relationship with sections DV 18 and DV 19
(5)
For the purposes of subsections (3)(b) and (4)(b), section DV 19 is not overridden by section DV 18 (Statutory producer boards and co-operative companies).
Defined in this Act: arrangement, associated person, company, co-operative company, deduction, share, shareholder, statutory producer board, transfer of company value, trustee
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CD 5
Section CD 6(1): amended, on 23 March 2020, by section 90(1) of the Taxation (KiwiSaver, Student Loans, and Remedial Matters) Act 2020 (2020 No 5).
Section CD 6(1)(a)(ii): amended, on 1 April 2010 (applying for the 2010–11 and later income years), by section 13(1) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
Section CD 6(1)(a)(iii): repealed, on 1 April 2010 (applying for the 2010–11 and later income years), by section 13(1) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
Section CD 6(3): amended, on 23 March 2020, by section 90(2) of the Taxation (KiwiSaver, Student Loans, and Remedial Matters) Act 2020 (2020 No 5).
Section CD 6(3)(b): amended (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 18 March 2019, by section 130(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2018–19, Modernising Tax Administration, and Remedial Matters) Act 2019 (2019 No 5).
Section CD 6(4): amended, on 23 March 2020, by section 90(3) of the Taxation (KiwiSaver, Student Loans, and Remedial Matters) Act 2020 (2020 No 5).
Section CD 6(4)(b): amended (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 18 March 2019, by section 130(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2018–19, Modernising Tax Administration, and Remedial Matters) Act 2019 (2019 No 5).
Section CD 6(5) heading: amended (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 18 March 2019, by section 130(3)(a) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2018–19, Modernising Tax Administration, and Remedial Matters) Act 2019 (2019 No 5).
Section CD 6(5): amended (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 18 March 2019, by section 130(3)(b) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2018–19, Modernising Tax Administration, and Remedial Matters) Act 2019 (2019 No 5).
Section CD 6 list of defined terms transfer of company value: inserted, on 23 March 2020, by section 90(4) of the Taxation (KiwiSaver, Student Loans, and Remedial Matters) Act 2020 (2020 No 5).
Section CD 6 list of defined terms transfer of value: repealed, on 23 March 2020, by section 90(4) of the Taxation (KiwiSaver, Student Loans, and Remedial Matters) Act 2020 (2020 No 5).
CD 7 Bonus issues in lieu of dividend
Bonus issues in lieu
(1)
A bonus issue in lieu is a dividend.
Amount of dividend
(2)
The amount of the dividend is the money or money’s worth offered as an alternative.
Defined in this Act: amount, bonus issue in lieu, dividend, pay, RWT
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CD 6
Section CD 7(2): amended (with effect on 1 October 2012), on 2 November 2012, by section 6 of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Returns Filing, and Remedial Matters) Act 2012 (2012 No 88).
CD 7B Shares issued under profit distribution plans
Profit distribution plan shares
(1)
A share issued by a company under a profit distribution plan is a dividend.
Amount of dividend
(2)
The amount of the dividend is the amount offered by the company for the repurchase of the share.
Relationship with section CD 22
(3)
Section CD 22 does not apply in relation to a share issued under a profit distribution plan and repurchased by the company as part of the plan.
Defined in this Act: amount, company, dividend, profit distribution plan, RWT, share
Section CD 7B: inserted (with effect on 1 October 2012), on 2 November 2012, by section 7 of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Returns Filing, and Remedial Matters) Act 2012 (2012 No 88).
CD 8 Elections to make bonus issue into dividend
Treating bonus issues as dividends
(1)
A bonus issue that is not a bonus issue in lieu or a share issued under a profit distribution plan is a dividend if—
(a)
the bonus issue—
(i)
is issued fully paid from reserves of the company:
(ii)
if a dividend, would not be exempt income under section CW 10 (Dividend within New Zealand wholly-owned group); and
(b)
the company chooses under this section to treat the bonus issue as a dividend.
Form of election
(2)
A company chooses to treat a bonus issue as a dividend by—
(a)
resolving, when it makes the bonus issue, that it is a dividend; and
(b)
resolving, when it makes the bonus issue, the amount to be treated as a dividend, which must be more than zero; and
(c)
giving notice to the Commissioner under section 63 of the Tax Administration Act 1994 of the election and the amount.
Amount of dividend
(3)
The amount of the dividend is the amount chosen by the company.
Defined in this Act: amount, bonus issue, bonus issue in lieu, Commissioner, company, dividend, notice, pay, profit distribution plan, share
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CD 7
Section CD 8(1): amended (with effect on 1 October 2012), on 2 November 2012, by section 8(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Returns Filing, and Remedial Matters) Act 2012 (2012 No 88).
Section CD 8(1)(a)(ii): amended (with effect on 1 July 2011 and applying for income years beginning on or after that date), on 7 May 2012, by section 4(1) of the Taxation (International Investment and Remedial Matters) Act 2012 (2012 No 34).
Section CD 8 list of defined terms profit distribution plan: inserted (with effect on 1 October 2012), on 2 November 2012, by section 8(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Returns Filing, and Remedial Matters) Act 2012 (2012 No 88).
Section CD 8 list of defined terms share: inserted (with effect on 1 October 2012), on 2 November 2012, by section 8(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Returns Filing, and Remedial Matters) Act 2012 (2012 No 88).
CD 9 Interests in money or property of foreign unit trust
Interest absolutely vested in unit holder
(1)
If a beneficial interest in money or property of a unit trust that is a foreign company vests absolutely in a unit holder, the money or property is a dividend for the unit holder.
Amount of dividend
(2)
The amount of the dividend is the value of the money or property.
Defined in this Act: dividend, foreign company, unit holder, unit trust
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CD 7B
CD 10 Bonus issue by foreign unit trust instead of money or property
Interest absolutely vested in unit holder
(1)
A bonus issue made to a unit holder by a unit trust that is a foreign company is a dividend for the unit holder if the issue is made under an arrangement or decision that the unit trust will make the bonus issue instead of causing a beneficial interest in money or property of the unit trust to vest absolutely in the unit holder.
Amount of dividend
(2)
The amount of the dividend is the value of the money or property in which a beneficial interest would have vested in the unit holder if the bonus issue had not been made.
Defined in this Act: bonus issue, dividend, foreign company, unit holder, unit trust
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CD 7C
CD 11 Avoidance arrangements
An amount treated as a dividend under any of the following sections is a dividend:
(a)
section GB 1 (Arrangements involving dividend stripping):
(b)
section GB 23(7) (Excessive remuneration to relatives):
(c)
section GB 25 (Close company remuneration to shareholders, directors, or relatives).
Defined in this Act: amount, close company, director, dividend, relative, shareholder
Compare: 2004 No 35 ss GB 1(3), GD 3(1), (2), GD 5
CD 12 Superannuation schemes entering trust rules
When this section applies
(1)
This section applies when a superannuation scheme that is treated as a company because it is a unit trust becomes a superannuation fund.
Treatment as liquidated
(2)
The company is treated as liquidated immediately before the date on which the scheme becomes a superannuation fund.
Defined in this Act: company, liquidation, superannuation fund, superannuation scheme
Compare: 2004 No 35 s HH 1(9)
CD 13 Notional distributions of producer boards and co-operative companies
Notional distributions of producer boards
(1)
A notional distribution of a statutory producer board is a dividend if the board determines to attach an imputation credit to the notional distribution under section OB 74 (Statutory producer boards attaching imputation credits to notional distributions).
Calculation: section OB 75
(2)
The amount of the dividend is calculated under section OB 75 (Statutory producer boards’ notional distributions that are dividends).
Notional distributions of co-operative companies
(3)
A notional distribution of a co-operative company is a dividend if the company determines to attach an imputation credit to the notional distribution under section OB 79 (Co-operative companies attaching imputation credits to notional distributions).
Calculation: section OB 80
(4)
The amount of the dividend is calculated under section OB 80 (Co-operative companies’ notional distributions that are dividends).
Corresponding payments not dividends
(5)
Section CD 33 means that a payment that corresponds to a notional distribution may not be a dividend.
Defined in this Act: amount, co-operative company, dividend, imputation credit, pay, statutory producer board
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CD 8
CD 14 Notional distributions of emigrating companies
Dividend
(1)
A notional distribution of an emigrating company under section FL 2 or FL 3 (which relate to the treatment of emigrating companies and their shareholders) is a dividend for a shareholder of the company.
Amount of dividend
(2)
The amount of the dividend is determined by a shareholder’s entitlement in the circumstances set out in section FL 2 or FL 3, as applicable.
Defined in this Act: amount, dividend, emigrating company, shareholder
Compare: 2004 No 35 s FCB 2(b)
Section CD 14(1): amended (with effect on 30 August 2022), on 31 March 2023, by section 11(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2022–23, Platform Economy, and Remedial Matters) Act 2023 (2023 No 5).
Section CD 14(2): amended (with effect on 30 August 2022), on 31 March 2023, by section 11(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2022–23, Platform Economy, and Remedial Matters) Act 2023 (2023 No 5).
CD 15 Tax credits linked to dividends
Imputation credits and withholding taxes
(1)
The amount of a dividend includes—
(a)
an imputation credit attached to the dividend subject to any limitation to the imputation credit made under section LE 5 where the person is a beneficiary:
(b)
an amount of RWT or NRWT, as applicable, withheld from or paid in relation to the dividend.
Relationship with sections CD 16 and CD 17
(2)
Subsection (1) is overridden by sections CD 16 and CD 17.
When subsection (1) does not apply
(3)
Subsection (1) does not apply in—
(a)
Part L (Tax credits and other credits), except for subpart LP (Tax credits for supplementary dividends); or
(b)
Part M (Tax credits paid in cash); or
(c)
Part O (Memorandum accounts); or
(d)
Part R (General collection rules).
Beneficiary income
(3B)
Despite subsection (1)(b) and for the purposes of section HC 6 (Beneficiary income), an amount excluded from beneficiary income under section HC 6(2)(c) is not included in the amount of a dividend.
Arrangement for dividend from another company
(4)
Section GB 37 (Arrangements for payment of dividend by other companies) may apply to treat an imputation credit as not being included in the amount of a dividend.
Defined in this Act: amount, arrangement, dividend, imputation credit, income, NRWT, pay, RWT, RWT substitution payment, tax, tax credit
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CD 9
Section CD 15(1) heading: replaced, on 29 March 2018, by section 10(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CD 15(1): replaced, on 29 March 2018, by section 10(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CD 15(1)(a): amended (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 31 March 2023, by section 12(1) (and see section 12(2) for application) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2022–23, Platform Economy, and Remedial Matters) Act 2023 (2023 No 5).
Section CD 15(3B) heading: inserted, on 29 March 2018 (with effect on 1 April 2008), by section 10(2) (and see section 10(4) for application) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CD 15(3B): inserted, on 29 March 2018 (with effect on 1 April 2008), by section 10(2) (and see section 10(4) for application) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CD 15 list of defined terms FDP credit: repealed, on 1 April 2017, by section 17(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CD 15 list of defined terms NRWT: inserted, on 29 March 2018, by section 10(3) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CD 15 list of defined terms pay: inserted, on 29 March 2018, by section 10(3) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CD 15 list of defined terms RWT: inserted, on 29 March 2018, by section 10(3) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CD 15 list of defined terms RWT substitution payment: inserted, on 29 March 2018, by section 10(3) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CD 15 list of defined terms tax credit: inserted, on 29 March 2018, by section 10(3) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
CD 16 Certain dividends not increased by tax credits
When this section applies
(1)
This section applies when a unit trust manager, in the ordinary course of their management activities for a unit trust,—
(a)
acquires units from unit holders under the terms on which the units were offered to potential unit holders; and
(b)
derives a dividend from the redemption or other cancellation of units in the unit trust.
Credit not included
(2)
Relationship with section FA 3
(3)
To the extent to which subsection (2) applies, section FA 3 (Recharacterisation of certain dividends: recovery of cost of shares held on revenue account) does not apply.
Some definitions
(4)
In this section,—
unit trust manager includes—
(a)
a person nominated by the unit trust manager; or
(b)
a trustee or a manager of a group investment fund that derives category A income; or
(c)
a person nominated by the trustee or the manager of the group investment fund.
Defined in this Act: amount, cancellation, dividend, imputation credit, pay, tax, unit trust, unit trust manager
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CD 10
Section CD 16(4) imputation credit: repealed, on 1 April 2017, by section 18(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CD 16 list of defined terms FDP credit: repealed, on 1 April 2017, by section 18(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
CD 17 Credit transfer notice
When this section applies
(1)
This section applies when a share user under a share-lending arrangement—
(a)
derives a dividend for the original share, with an imputation credit attached; and
(b)
issues a credit transfer notice for the dividend.
Credit not included
(2)
The dividend derived by the share user does not include the amount of the imputation credit.
Income
(3)
The amount of the imputation credit is income derived by the share supplier when the credit transfer notice is issued.
Meaning of imputation credit[Repealed]
(4)
[Repealed]Defined in this Act: amount, credit transfer notice, dividend, imputation credit, original share, share-lending arrangement, share supplier, share user
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CD 10B
Section CD 17(4) heading: repealed, on 1 April 2017, pursuant to section 19(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CD 17(4): repealed, on 1 April 2017, by section 19(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CD 17 list of defined terms FDP credit: repealed, on 1 April 2017, by section 19(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
CD 18 Dividend reduced if foreign tax paid on company’s income
When this section applies
(1)
This section applies when a person—
(a)
derives a dividend from a company that is a foreign company; and
(b)
has a liability under the laws of a country or territory outside New Zealand for income tax on income of the company corresponding to the liability that the person would have under the laws of New Zealand for income tax on income of the company if the company were a partnership in which the person were a partner; and
(c)
pays the income tax; and
(d)
provides to the Commissioner upon request, in the time allowed by the Commissioner, sufficient information to satisfy the Commissioner as to the amount of income tax paid.
Amount of dividend reduced
(2)
The amount of the dividend is reduced by the greater of zero and the amount calculated using the formula—
total tax paid − earlier reductions.
Definition of items in formula
(3)
In the formula,—
(a)
total tax paid is the total amount of income tax on income of the company that the person has paid in the country or territory by the time that the person derives the dividend:
(b)
earlier reductions is the total amount of reductions under this section that, by the time that the person derives the dividend, have affected other dividends derived by the person from the company.
Defined in this Act: Commissioner, company, dividend, foreign company, income, income tax, New Zealand, pay, request
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CD 10C
Section CD 18(3)(a): amended, on 24 February 2016, by section 73 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2015–16, Research and Development, and Remedial Matters) Act 2016 (2016 No 1).
Section CD 18 list of defined terms request: inserted, on 2 June 2016, by section 74 of the Taxation (Transformation: First Phase Simplification and Other Measures) Act 2016 (2016 No 27).
CD 19 Foreign tax credits and refunds linked to dividends
Foreign tax credits
(1)
If a double tax agreement gives a person a tax credit in a foreign country when they derive a dividend from that country, the amount of the dividend is increased by the tax credit.
Foreign tax refunds
(2)
When a person who has derived a dividend from outside New Zealand also derives a refund of income tax of a foreign country, the refund is treated as a dividend if—
(a)
the company paying the dividend was entitled to deduct the tax from the dividend; and
(b)
the person was not personally liable to pay the tax.
Defined in this Act: amount, company, dividend, double tax agreement, income tax, New Zealand, pay, tax
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CD 11
CD 20 Benefits of shareholder-employees or directors
Unclassified fringe benefits
(1)
A non-cash benefit provided by a company to an employee is a dividend if—
(a)
the benefit is an unclassified benefit; and
(b)
the employee is a shareholder in the company; and
(c)
the company chooses, under section CX 17(2) (Benefits provided to employees who are shareholders or investors), to treat the benefit as a dividend.
Non-executive directors’ non-cash benefits
(2)
A non-cash benefit provided by a company to a non-executive director of the company is a dividend if the director is a shareholder in the company, even if the benefit is provided solely because the director is a non-executive director.
Other shareholder-employee benefits
(3)
In any other case of a non-cash benefit provided by a company to a person who is both an employee and a shareholder, the benefit is not a dividend if—
(a)
the application of section CX 17(2) means it is a fringe benefit; and
(b)
section CD 32 accordingly excludes it from being a dividend.
Meaning of non-executive director
(4)
In this section, non-executive director means a person whose only services to the company as an employee are the formal occupation of the role of director and compliance with the associated statutory obligations.
Defined in this Act: company, director, dividend, employee, fringe benefit, non-executive director, shareholder, unclassified benefit
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CD 12
CD 21 Attributed repatriations from controlled foreign companies
[Repealed]Section CD 21: repealed (with effect on 30 June 2009), on 6 October 2009, by section 14(1) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
What is not a dividend?
CD 22 Returns of capital: off-market share cancellations
When this section applies
(1)
This section applies when a company pays an amount to a shareholder because of the off-market cancellation of a share in the company, other than on liquidation of the company.
Ordering rule
(2)
The amount is not a dividend to the extent to which it is less than or equal to the available subscribed capital per share calculated under the ordering rule, if—
(a)
1 of the bright line tests in subsection (3) is met; and
(b)
the company is not an unlisted trust that has chosen the slice rule for the share under subsection (4); and
(c)
the anti-avoidance rule in subsection (6) does not apply.
Bright line tests
(3)
The bright line tests referred to in subsection (2)(a) are as follows:
(a)
the cancellation is part of a pro rata cancellation that results in a fifteen percent capital reduction for the company:
(b)
the cancellation is part of a pro rata cancellation that results in a ten percent capital reduction for the company and the Commissioner has given a notice under subsection (8):
(c)
the cancellation is not part of a pro rata cancellation and results in the shareholder suffering a fifteen percent interest reduction:
(d)
the company is an unlisted trust and the cancellation is not part of a pro rata cancellation:
(e)
the share is a non-participating redeemable share.
Unlisted trusts choosing slice rule
(4)
If the company is an unlisted trust, it may issue a share on terms that the ordering rule does not apply and that instead the slice rule applies to the cancellation. If this happens, the amount paid is not a dividend to the extent to which it is less than or equal to the available subscribed capital per share calculated under the slice rule (but still subject to the anti-avoidance rule in subsection (6)).
Calculation concessions for foreign unlisted widely-held trusts
(5)
If a company is an unlisted widely-held trust not resident in New Zealand and a shareholder cannot obtain sufficient information to calculate the available subscribed capital per share under the ordering rule,—
(a)
the share is treated as if it were issued under subsection (4) on terms that the slice rule applies; and
(b)
the available subscribed capital under the slice rule is—
(i)
the amount paid for the issue of the share, if subparagraph (ii) does not apply; or
(ii)
the value of the money or property in which a beneficial interest would have vested in the shareholder had the share not been issued, if the share is a taxable bonus issue under paragraph (d) of the definition of the term.
Overriding anti-avoidance rule
(6)
Neither subsection (2) nor (4) excludes an amount paid by a company on cancellation of a share from being a dividend if any part of the payment is in lieu of the payment of a dividend.
Factors relevant in applying anti-avoidance rule
(7)
For the purposes of applying subsection (6), the following factors must be considered:
(a)
the nature and amount of dividends paid by the company before or after the cancellation; and
(b)
the issue of shares in the company after the cancellation; and
(c)
the expressed purpose or purposes of the cancellation; and
(d)
any other relevant factor.
Commissioner notifying view
(8)
If no part of a payment on cancellation of a share is in lieu of the payment of a dividend, the Commissioner may give notice to the company that subsection (6) does not apply to the cancellation.
Some definitions
(9)
In this section,—
counted associate means—
(a)
a person associated with the shareholder other than merely by virtue of being a relative; or
(b)
a spouse, civil union partner or de facto partner, or minor child of the shareholder, or a trustee of a trust under which a spouse, civil union partner or de facto partner, or minor child of the shareholder has benefited or is eligible to benefit
fifteen percent capital reduction means the circumstance in which the total amount paid by the company on account of the cancellation (or on account of any other pro rata cancellation of participating shares in the company occurring at the same time) is at least 15% of the market value of all participating shares in the company at the time the company first gave notice to shareholders of the cancellation
fifteen percent interest reduction means the circumstance in which, immediately after and as a result of the cancellation (together with any other cancellation of participating shares in the company occurring at the same time),—
(a)
the total direct voting interests in the company of the shareholder and any counted associates is 85% or less of their total direct voting interests in the company immediately before the cancellation; and
(b)
if at the time of the cancellation a market value circumstance exists, the total direct market value interests in the company of the shareholder and any counted associates is 85% or less of their total direct market value interests immediately before the cancellation
non-participating redeemable share means a share that meets the following conditions
(a)
the share is issued, under the company’s constitution or establishing legislation, on terms that involve the share being required or allowed to be redeemed or repaid before the company is liquidated; and
(b)
the share is—
(i)
a redeemable share under section 68 of the Companies Act 1993 or an equivalent provision of foreign law; or
(ii)
issued under 1 of New Zealand’s Acts relating to co-operative companies; or
(iii)
subject to sections FA 2 (Recharacterisation of certain debentures) and FZ 1 (Treatment of interest payable under debentures issued before certain date) or section FA 2B(2) (Stapled debt securities); or
(iv)
a unit in a unit trust that is not a widely-held trust; and
(c)
the share is either a fixed-rate share or a share for which the amount payable on cancellation is no more than the available subscribed capital per share calculated under the slice rule; and
(d)
the shareholder does not have shareholder decision-making rights in relation to the share except—
(i)
a protective right; or
(ii)
if the company is subject to 1 of New Zealand’s Acts relating to co-operative companies
participating share means a share that is not a non-participating redeemable share
protective right means a shareholder decision-making right that—
(a)
arises only if the shareholder’s position may be altered to the shareholder’s detriment or if the company defaults on its obligations under the terms of the share; and
(b)
is granted to the shareholder only to assist the shareholder to prevent the alteration or to remedy the default; and
(c)
when the share is issued is not expected to arise
ten percent capital reduction means the circumstance in which the total amount paid by the company on account of the cancellation, or paid on account of any other pro rata cancellation of participating shares in the company occurring at the same time, is at least 10% of the market value of all participating shares in the company at the time the company first gave notice to shareholders of the cancellation
unlisted trust means a unit trust or group investment fund, the units or interests in which are not quoted on the official list of a recognised exchange.
Defined in this Act: amount, associated person, available subscribed capital, cancellation, Commissioner, company, co-operative company, counted associate, direct market value interest, direct voting interest, dividend, fifteen percent capital reduction, fifteen percent interest reduction, fixed-rate share, group investment fund, liquidation, market value circumstance, New Zealand, non-participating redeemable share, notice, off-market cancellation, ordering rule, participating share, pay, pro rata cancellation, protective right, recognised exchange, relative, resident in New Zealand, share, shareholder, shareholder decision-making right, slice rule, taxable bonus issue, ten percent capital reduction, trustee, unit trust, unlisted trust, unlisted widely-held trust, widely-held trust
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CD 14
Section CD 22(9) counted associate paragraph (b): amended, on 1 April 2010 (applying for the 2010–11 and later income years), by section 15(1)(a) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
Section CD 22(9) non-participating redeemable share paragraph (b)(iii): amended (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 6 October 2009, by section 15(1)(b) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
CD 23 Ordering rule and slice rule
Ordering rule
(1)
Under the ordering rule, the available subscribed capital per share is calculated for a share using the formula—
available subscribed capital of class ÷ shares being cancelled of class.
Definition of items in formula
(2)
In the formula in subsection (1),—
(a)
available subscribed capital of class is the available subscribed capital, of all shares of the same class as the share, at the relevant time for the calculation:
(b)
shares being cancelled of class is the number of shares of the same class as the share, including the share, being cancelled at the time.
Slice rule
(3)
Under the slice rule, the available subscribed capital per share is calculated for a share using the formula—
available subscribed capital of class ÷ shares of class.
Definition of items in formula
(4)
In the formula in subsection (3),—
(a)
available subscribed capital of class is the available subscribed capital, of all shares of the same class as the share, at the relevant time for the calculation:
(b)
shares of class is the number of shares of the same class as the share, including the share, on issue at the time.
Amount when foreign company information inadequate
(5)
Despite subsections (2) to (4), the available subscribed capital per share calculated under the ordering rule is zero if—
(a)
the company is not resident in New Zealand; and
(b)
the relevant shareholder cannot obtain sufficient information to calculate the actual available subscribed capital per share using the relevant rule.
Defined in this Act: available subscribed capital, cancellation, foreign company, ordering rule, resident in New Zealand, share, shareholder, shares of the same class, slice rule
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CD 15
CD 23B Returns of capital: shares repurchased under profit distribution plans
When this section applies
(1)
This section applies when a company has issued a share to a shareholder under a profit distribution plan and the shareholder exercises the option to have the share repurchased by the company.
Amount paid
(2)
The amount paid by the company to repurchase the share is not a dividend.
Defined in this Act: amount, company, dividend, pay, profit distribution plan, share, shareholder
Section CD 23B: inserted (with effect on 1 October 2012), on 2 November 2012, by section 9 of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Returns Filing, and Remedial Matters) Act 2012 (2012 No 88).
CD 24 Returns of capital: on-market share cancellations
Companies acquiring own shares
(1)
An amount paid by a company in acquiring any of its shares in an on-market cancellation is not a dividend.
When excess amount relevant
(2)
Despite subsection (1), any excess of the amount paid over the available subscribed capital per share calculated under the ordering rule—
(a)
is treated as a dividend and not a return of capital when applying—
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
section GA 1(4) (Commissioner’s power to adjust); and
(b)
gives rise to an imputation credit account debit under section OB 42 (ICA on-market cancellation).
Defined in this Act: amount, available subscribed capital, company, dividend, imputation credit account, on-market cancellation, ordering rule, pay, share
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CD 16
Section CD 24(2)(a)(i): amended (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 21 December 2010 (applying for the 2008–09 and later income years), by section 28(1) of the Taxation (GST and Remedial Matters) Act 2010 (2010 No 130).
CD 25 Treasury stock acquisitions
Treasury stock generally
(1)
An amount paid by a company in acquiring any of its shares is not a dividend if—
(a)
the shares acquired by the company are held by the company in itself, including shares acquired by the company as the result of the application of section CE 6 (Trusts are nominees) and, in the case of shares acquired other than as the result of the application of section CE 6, section 67A(1) of the Companies Act 1993 or section 24 of the Co-operative Companies Act 1996 apply to provide that the shares are not deemed to be cancelled; and
(b)
the acquisition is not part of a pro rata cancellation or something that is in substance a pro rata cancellation.
Reversion to on-market cancellation treatment
(2)
Subsections (4) to (6) apply in the case of an acquisition of a share to which subsection (1) or section CD 17(1) of the Income Tax Act 2004 or section CF 3(1)(d) or (da) of the Income Tax Act 1994 applies if,—
(a)
before the first anniversary of the acquisition, the company cancels the share; or
(b)
at the first anniversary, the company has failed to transfer a share of the same class in an arm’s length transfer and has failed to allocate a share or right to a share, of the same class to an employee share scheme beneficiary under an employee share scheme, except if the company is established under New Zealand co-operative company legislation; or
(c)
after the first anniversary, the company, which is established under New Zealand co-operative company legislation, cancels the share.
Requirement for arm’s length transfers
(3)
When subsection (2)(b) is applied,—
(a)
a transfer is arm’s length only if it is—
(i)
to a person not associated with the company; or
(ii)
in a transaction that occurs on a recognised exchange, through a broker or some other agent independent of the company, and that is not preceded by any arrangement between the transferee and the company for the transfer; and
(b)
each arm’s length transfer of a share is taken into account only in relation to a single share acquisition to which subsection (1) has applied.
Reduction of available subscribed capital
(4)
If subsection (2) applies, then, with effect from the cancellation or the first anniversary, depending on which first causes subsection (2) to apply, the available subscribed capital of the class of the share is reduced by the lesser of—
(a)
the amount paid to the shareholder on the acquisition; and
(b)
the available subscribed capital per share calculated under the ordering rule and, in the case of the first anniversary, calculated as if the share and any other shares to which this subsection applies on that date were cancelled on that date.
Imputation credit account debit
(5)
If subsection (2) applies, then, with effect from the date of the acquisition by the company, section OB 42 (ICA on-market cancellation) applies as if the original acquisition were an on-market cancellation but item “ASC per share excess”
of the formula in section OB 42 were equal to only the excess of the amount received by the shareholder over the reduction described in subsection (4).
Relief from imputation penalty tax
(6)
No imputation penalty tax is imposed under section 140B of the Tax Administration Act 1994 (nor any late payment penalty imposed under that Act in relation to the imputation penalty tax) if it would not have arisen had subsection (5) applied only with effect from the date of cancellation or first anniversary, depending on which first causes subsection (2) to apply.
Employee share schemes
(7)
For the purposes of subsection (2), if the company has, before the first anniversary, allocated a share or right to a share to an employee share scheme beneficiary under an employee share scheme but subsequently the allocation is cancelled, the shares acquired under subsection (1) by the company are treated as acquired by the company on the date of cancellation for the amount the company paid for their acquisition under subsection (1).
Defined in this Act: agent, amount, arrangement, associated person, available subscribed capital, cancellation, company, co-operative company, dividend, employee share scheme, employee share scheme beneficiary, imputation credit account, imputation penalty tax, New Zealand, on-market cancellation, ordering rule, pay, pro rata cancellation, recognised exchange, share, shareholder
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CD 17
Section CD 25(1)(a): replaced, on 29 September 2018, by section 11(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CD 25(2)(b): replaced, on 29 September 2018, by section 11(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CD 25(4): substituted (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 6 October 2009, by section 16(1) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
Section CD 25(7) heading: inserted, on 29 September 2018, by section 11(3) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CD 25(7): inserted, on 29 September 2018, by section 11(3) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CD 25 list of defined terms employee share scheme: inserted, on 29 September 2018, by section 11(4) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CD 25 list of defined terms employee share scheme beneficiary: inserted, on 29 September 2018, by section 11(4) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
CD 26 Capital distributions on liquidation or emigration
When this section applies
(1)
This section applies when a shareholder—
(a)
is paid an amount in relation to a share on the liquidation of the company:
(b)
is treated under section FL 2 or FL 3 (which relate to the treatment of emigrating companies and their shareholders) as being paid an amount in relation to a share in the company.
Return of subscribed capital or capital gains
(2)
The amount paid is a dividend only to the extent to which it is more than—
(a)
the available subscribed capital per share calculated under the ordering rule; and
(b)
the available capital distribution amount calculated under section CD 44.
Statutory producer board capital levies
(3)
If the company is a statutory producer board, the amount is not a dividend to the extent to which it is a return of a levy charged specifically for capital development.
Non-deductible capital
(4)
An amount that is not a dividend as a result of subsection (3) is nevertheless treated as a return of capital for the purposes of the capital limitation.
Defined in this Act: amount, available capital distribution amount, available subscribed capital, capital limitation, company, dividend, emigrating company, levy, liquidation, ordering rule, pay, share, shareholder, statutory producer board
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CD 18
Section CD 26(1)(b): amended (with effect on 30 August 2022), on 31 March 2023, by section 13 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2022–23, Platform Economy, and Remedial Matters) Act 2023 (2023 No 5).
CD 27 Property made available intra-group
When this section applies
(1)
This section applies when—
(a)
a transfer of company value is made by a company (the first company) to another company (the associated company); and
(b)
in the absence of this section, the transfer would be a dividend under section CD 6(1)(a)(ii) because the associated company is associated with a shareholder in the first company.
Intra-group property arrangements worth $10,000 or less
(2)
The transfer of company value is not a dividend if—
(a)
the transfer consists of making property available for less than market value; and
(b)
the transfer is not a loan; and
(c)
in the income year of the first company in which the transfer occurs, the total amount of transfers of company value by the first company to the associated company that would be dividends for the year in the absence of this section, is $10,000 or less.
Downward transfers of company value
(3)
The transfer of company value is also not a dividend if—
(a)
either—
(i)
the first company has a voting interest in the associated company; or
(ii)
the first company is associated with a company (the parent company) that has a voting interest in the associated company and that could have received the transfer of company value without the transfer being assessable income or non-resident passive income; and
(b)
the associated company does not have a voting interest in the first company; and
(c)
no person, other than the parent company, has both—
(i)
a voting interest or, if there is a market value circumstance in relation to either the first company or the associated company, a market value interest in the first company; and
(ii)
a voting interest or, if there is a market value circumstance in relation to either the first company or the associated company, a market value interest in the associated company, of more than 10%.
Relationship with section FA 3
(4)
Subsection (3) does not apply to a transfer of company value that is subject to section FA 3 (Recharacterisation of certain dividends: recovery of cost of shares held on revenue account).
Rules for identifying voting interests
(5)
For the purposes of subsection (3)(a) and (b),—
(a)
for the purposes of determining if a company has a voting interest in another company, the look-through rule in section YC 4 (Look-through rule for corporate shareholders) does not apply to treat the initial company’s voting interest as held by its shareholders or anyone else; and
(b)
a zero voting interest is not a voting interest.
Rules for identifying voting and market value interests
(6)
For the purposes of subsection (3)(c),—
(a)
for the purposes of determining the extent to which a person, other than the parent company, has a voting interest or market value interest in the first company or the associated company, the look-through rule in section YC 4 does not apply to treat the person’s voting interest or market value interest as held by the person’s shareholders or anyone else unless the person treated as holder is the parent company; and
(b)
for the purposes of determining the extent to which a person, other than the parent company, has a voting interest or market value interest of more than 10% in the associated company, the look-through rule in section YC 4 does not apply to treat a voting interest or market value interest of the first company or the parent company in the associated company as held by their respective shareholders or anyone else; and
(c)
a zero voting interest is not a voting interest and a zero market value interest is not a market value interest.
Defined in this Act: amount, assessable income, associated person, company, dividend, income year, loan, market value circumstance, market value interest, non-resident passive income, shareholder, tax year, transfer of company value, trustee, voting interest
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CD 19
Section CD 27(1)(a): amended, on 23 March 2020, by section 91(1) of the Taxation (KiwiSaver, Student Loans, and Remedial Matters) Act 2020 (2020 No 5).
Section CD 27(1)(b): substituted, on 1 April 2010 (applying for the 2010–11 and later income years), by section 17(1) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
Section CD 27(2): amended, on 23 March 2020, by section 91(2)(a) of the Taxation (KiwiSaver, Student Loans, and Remedial Matters) Act 2020 (2020 No 5).
Section CD 27(2)(c): amended, on 23 March 2020, by section 91(2)(b) of the Taxation (KiwiSaver, Student Loans, and Remedial Matters) Act 2020 (2020 No 5).
Section CD 27(3) heading: amended, on 23 March 2020, by section 91(3)(a) of the Taxation (KiwiSaver, Student Loans, and Remedial Matters) Act 2020 (2020 No 5).
Section CD 27(3): amended, on 23 March 2020, by section 91(3)(b) of the Taxation (KiwiSaver, Student Loans, and Remedial Matters) Act 2020 (2020 No 5).
Section CD 27(3)(a)(ii): substituted (with effect on 30 June 2009), on 6 October 2009, by section 17(2) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
Section CD 27(3)(a)(ii): amended, on 23 March 2020, by section 91(3)(c) of the Taxation (KiwiSaver, Student Loans, and Remedial Matters) Act 2020 (2020 No 5).
Section CD 27(4): amended, on 23 March 2020, by section 91(4) of the Taxation (KiwiSaver, Student Loans, and Remedial Matters) Act 2020 (2020 No 5).
Section CD 27 list of defined terms FDP: repealed (with effect on 30 June 2009), on 6 October 2009, by section 17(3) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
Section CD 27 list of defined terms transfer of company value: inserted, on 23 March 2020, by section 91(5) of the Taxation (KiwiSaver, Student Loans, and Remedial Matters) Act 2020 (2020 No 5).
Section CD 27 list of defined terms transfer of value: repealed, on 23 March 2020, by section 91(5) of the Taxation (KiwiSaver, Student Loans, and Remedial Matters) Act 2020 (2020 No 5).
CD 28 Transfers of certain excepted financial arrangements within wholly-owned groups
When section ED 2 (Transfers of certain excepted financial arrangements within wholly-owned groups) applies to a transfer of an excepted financial arrangement within a wholly-owned group of companies, the transfer does not give rise to a dividend.
Defined in this Act: dividend, excepted financial arrangement, wholly-owned group of companies
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CD 20
CD 29 Non-taxable bonus issues
A non-taxable bonus issue is not a dividend.
Defined in this Act: dividend, non-taxable bonus issue
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CD 21
CD 29B Issues to shareholders of rights to subscribe for or sell back shares
Issue of rights to subscribe for shares
(1)
The issue by a company to a shareholder of a right to subscribe for a share, or to sell or otherwise dispose of a share in the company to the company, is not a dividend.
Issue of shares under rights to subscribe for shares
(2)
The issue by a company of a share to a person for consideration less than the market value, immediately before the issue, of a share in the same class of shares, is not a dividend if—
(a)
the person subscribes for the share under a right (a subscription right) issued by the company to a shareholder holding shares before the issue of the right; and
(b)
the company does not, as part of the issue of the subscription right, give the person a right to dispose of the share to the company.
Premiums from issue of rights to subscribe for shares
(3)
A distribution by a company to a shareholder is not a dividend if—
(a)
the company issues to the shareholder a right (the shareholder right) to subscribe for, or dispose of to the company, a share in the company at a given price (the shareholder price); and
(b)
the shareholder fails or is ineligible to exercise the shareholder right; and
(c)
another person pays to the company an amount—
(i)
for the shareholder right:
(ii)
greater than the shareholder price, for the issue of a share under the shareholder right; and
(d)
the distribution is from the amount of the payment that does not increase the company’s available subscribed capital.
Defined in this Act: available subscribed capital, bonus issue in lieu, company, consideration, dividend, pay, share, shareholder
Section CD 29B: inserted (with effect on 1 April 2008 and applying for the 2008–09 and later tax years), on 17 July 2013, by section 8(1) of the Taxation (Livestock Valuation, Assets Expenditure, and Remedial Matters) Act 2013 (2013 No 52).
Section CD 29B(1): amended (with effect on 1 April 2015 and applying for the 2015–16 and later income years), on 24 February 2016, by section 242(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2015–16, Research and Development, and Remedial Matters) Act 2016 (2016 No 1).
CD 29C Transfers to shareholders by ASX-listed Australian company of shares in subsidiary
A transfer of company value is not a dividend to the extent to which it is a transfer of value that is not a dividend under section ED 2B(7) (Transfers to shareholders by ASX-listed Australian company of shares in subsidiary).
Defined in this Act: dividend, transfer of company value
Section CD 29C: replaced (with effect on 1 April 2016), on 18 March 2019, by section 131(1) (and see section 131(2) for application) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2018–19, Modernising Tax Administration, and Remedial Matters) Act 2019 (2019 No 5).
Section CD 29C: amended, on 23 March 2020, by section 92(1) of the Taxation (KiwiSaver, Student Loans, and Remedial Matters) Act 2020 (2020 No 5).
Section CD 29C list of defined terms transfer of company value: inserted, on 23 March 2020, by section 92(2) of the Taxation (KiwiSaver, Student Loans, and Remedial Matters) Act 2020 (2020 No 5).
Section CD 29C list of defined terms transfer of value: repealed, on 23 March 2020, by section 92(2) of the Taxation (KiwiSaver, Student Loans, and Remedial Matters) Act 2020 (2020 No 5).
CD 30 Transfer by unit trust of legal interest after beneficial interest vests
If money or property of a unit trust is a dividend under section CD 9 for a unit holder, a transfer to the unit holder of the legal interest in the money or property is not a dividend.
Defined in this Act: dividend, unit holder, unit trust
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CD 21B
CD 31 Flat-owning companies
Occupation rights
(1)
If a flat-owning company makes residential property available to a person, that is not a dividend.
Meaning of flat-owning company
(2)
In this section, flat-owning company means a company—
(a)
whose constitution provides that every registered shareholder is entitled to the use of a specific residential property in New Zealand owned by the company; and
(b)
whose only significant assets are residential properties available for use by specific shareholders and funds reserved for meeting the company’s costs.
Defined in this Act: company, dividend, flat-owning company, New Zealand, shareholder
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CD 22
CD 32 Employee benefits
FBT rules
(1)
A benefit provided to an employee is not a dividend if—
(a)
it is a fringe benefit subject to fringe benefit tax; or
(b)
it would be a fringe benefit subject to fringe benefit tax if an election had not been made under section CX 17(4B) (Benefits provided to employees who are shareholders or investors).
Board
(2)
An amount that is employment income under section CE 1B (General rule: accommodation provided by employers) is not a dividend.
Defined in this Act: amount, dividend, employee, employment income, FBT rules, fringe benefit, fringe benefit tax
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CD 23
Section CD 32(1): replaced, on 1 April 2017 (applying for the 2017–18 and later income years), by section 65(1) of the Taxation (Business Tax, Exchange of Information, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 3).
Section CD 32(2): amended, on 1 April 2015, by section 12 of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Employee Allowances, and Remedial Matters) Act 2014 (2014 No 39).
Section CD 32 list of defined terms employee: inserted (applying for the 2017–18 and later income years), on 1 April 2017, by section 65(2) of the Taxation (Business Tax, Exchange of Information, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 3).
CD 33 Payments corresponding to notional distributions of producer boards and co-operative companies
Statutory producer board payments
(1)
An amount paid by a statutory producer board to a person in relation to an income year is not a dividend if—
(a)
the person was a member of the board at some time during the income year; and
(b)
unless the Commissioner allows otherwise, the amount is calculated on the basis of the member’s share of—
(i)
the total produce transactions of members with the board during the income year; or
(ii)
the total levies payable by members to the board for the income year; and
(c)
the amount corresponds to a notional distribution amount treated as a dividend under section CD 13(1).
Co-operative company payments
(2)
An amount paid by a co-operative company to a person in relation to an income year is not a dividend if—
(a)
the person was a shareholder of the company at some time during the income year; and
(b)
the amount is calculated on the basis of the shareholder’s share of the total produce transactions of shareholders with the company during the income year; and
(c)
the amount corresponds to a notional distribution amount treated as a dividend under section CD 13(3).
Non-deductible capital
(3)
An amount that is not a dividend as a result of this section is nevertheless treated as a return of capital for the purposes of the capital limitation.
Defined in this Act: amount, capital limitation, Commissioner, co-operative company, dividend, income year, levy, member, pay, produce transactions, producer board, shareholder, statutory producer board
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CD 24
CD 34 Distribution to member of co-operative company based on member’s transactions
[Repealed]Section CD 34: repealed (with effect on 1 April 2010), on 7 September 2010, by section 8 of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Trans-Tasman Savings Portability, KiwiSaver, and Remedial Matters) Act 2010 (2010 No 109).
CD 34B Distributions to members of co-operative companies
What this section applies to
(1)
This section applies to a distribution by a co-operative company, or by a company (a subsidiary) in which the co-operative company has a voting interest of 100%, if—
(a)
the distribution is made after the co-operative company has notified the Commissioner that they have elected to apply this section; and
(b)
the election has not been revoked.
Exclusion
(1B)
Despite subsection (1), this section does not apply to a distribution to which section CZ 41 (Distributions to supplying shareholders of Fonterra: 2022–23 to 2024–25 income years) applies.
General rule: co-operative company distributions not dividends
(2)
If the requirements in subsection (4) are met, a distribution by a co-operative company, or by a subsidiary, to a member of the co-operative company is not a dividend, to the extent to which the distribution is for their—
(a)
transaction shares:
(b)
projected transactions shareholding:
(c)
limited non-transaction shares.
Exception: distributions for excess shareholdings
(3)
Subsection (2)(c) is ignored,—
(a)
for a distribution to a member, if the member holds shares in the co-operative company that—
(i)
are not transaction shares, are not their projected transactions shareholding, and are not limited non-transaction shares; and
(ii)
may entitle members to enter trading transactions:
(b)
for all distributions to all members, if the constitution of the co-operative company permits any member to hold shares that—
(i)
are not transaction shares, are not their projected transaction shareholding, and are not limited non-transaction shares; and
(ii)
may entitle members to enter trading transactions.
Requirements
(4)
For the purposes of subsection (2), the requirements are—
(a)
the co-operative company is resident in New Zealand for the period to which the distribution relates; and
(b)
the company making the distribution is resident in New Zealand for the period to which the distribution relates; and
(c)
the co-operative company believes on reasonable grounds that the member at the time of the distribution—
(i)
is resident in New Zealand:
(ii)
has a fixed establishment in New Zealand.
Meaning of transaction shares
(5)
In this section, transaction shares means the number of shares in the co-operative company that the member holds for trading transactions that occurred in the period to which the distribution relates. The number of shares must determine the value of the trading transactions.
Meaning of limited non-transaction shares
(6)
In this section, limited non-transaction shares means the member’s shares that are not the member’s transaction shares or their projected transactions shareholding, and that may entitle the member to enter trading transactions, if the number of those shares is less than or equal to the greater of the following:
(a)
20% of the member’s transaction shares on the date of entitlement for the distribution under section 125 of the Companies Act 1993:
(b)
20% of the member’s projected transactions shareholding on the date of entitlement for the distribution under section 125 of that Act.
Meaning of projected transactions shareholding
(7)
In this section, projected transactions shareholding means the number of shares in the co-operative company that the member would have had to hold if the trading transactions actually had occurred that the member had projected, using reasonable assumptions, would occur in the period to which the distribution relates. The number of shares must determine the value of the trading transactions.
Meaning of trading transactions
(8)
In this section, trading transactions means transactions between the member and the co-operative company or subsidiary that are—
(a)
the disposal and acquisition of trading stock of the vendor that is not intangible property; and
(b)
not subject to section CB 2 (Amounts received on disposal of business assets that include trading stock).
Companies Act 1993
(9)
The 20 working day rule for fixing a date in section 125(2) of the Companies Act 1993 does not apply to members’ entitlements to receive distributions that are for transaction shares, projected transaction shareholdings, limited non-transaction shares, or shares described in subsection (3), if—
(a)
the co-operative company or the subsidiary, as the case may be, has given a copy of the election described in subsection (1) to the Registrar of Companies before the relevant distributions are paid; and
(b)
for the purposes of section 125(1) of the Companies Act 1993, the co-operative company or the subsidiary, as the case may be, fixes a date in relation to members’ entitlements to receive distributions before the entitlements arise, and that date is within the year or period to which the distributions relate.
Defined in this Act: Commissioner, company, co-operative company, dividend, limited non-transaction shares, notify, projected transaction shareholding, resident in New Zealand, share, trading stock, trading transactions, transaction shares
Section CD 34B: inserted (with effect on 1 April 2010), on 7 September 2010, by section 9 of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Trans-Tasman Savings Portability, KiwiSaver, and Remedial Matters) Act 2010 (2010 No 109).
Section CD 34B(1)(a): replaced, on 2 June 2016, by section 7(1) of the Taxation (Transformation: First Phase Simplification and Other Measures) Act 2016 (2016 No 27).
Section CD 34B(1B) heading: inserted (with effect on 1 July 2022), on 28 March 2024, by section 14 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2023–24, Multinational Tax, and Remedial Matters) Act 2024 (2024 No 11).
Section CD 34B(1B): inserted (with effect on 1 July 2022), on 28 March 2024, by section 14 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2023–24, Multinational Tax, and Remedial Matters) Act 2024 (2024 No 11).
Section CD 34B(8)(a): amended (with effect on 1 April 2015 and applying for the 2015–16 and later income years), on 24 February 2016, by section 242(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2015–16, Research and Development, and Remedial Matters) Act 2016 (2016 No 1).
Section CD 34B list of defined terms notify: inserted, on 2 June 2016, by section 7(2) of the Taxation (Transformation: First Phase Simplification and Other Measures) Act 2016 (2016 No 27).
CD 35 Resident’s restricted amalgamations
An amount derived by an amalgamated company on a resident’s restricted amalgamation from an amalgamating company that ends its existence on the amalgamation is not a dividend if it arises from—
(a)
the amalgamated company acquiring property of the amalgamating company; or
(b)
the amalgamated company being relieved of an obligation owed to the amalgamating company.
Defined in this Act: amalgamated company, amalgamating company, amalgamation, amount, dividend, resident’s restricted amalgamation
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CD 25
CD 36 Foreign investment fund income
Amount not dividend
(1)
An amount paid by a company to a person is not a dividend if,—
(a)
at the time the person derives the amount, the person’s interest in the company is an attributing interest, or would have been if the company had not been liquidated; and
(b)
the person calculates their foreign investment fund (FIF) income or loss in relation to the interest and the period in which the amount is paid under—
(i)
the comparative value method:
(ii)
the deemed rate of return method:
(iii)
the cost method:
(iv)
the fair dividend rate method; and
(v)
the revenue account method; and
(c)
[Repealed](d)
the amount is excluded income under section CX 57B (Amounts derived during periods covered by calculation methods).
Exclusion for interests in FIFs resident in Australia
(2)
Subsection (1)(b)(iv) does not apply if the person’s interest in the company is included, at the beginning of the income year in which the payment is made, in a direct income interest of 10% or more in a FIF that, at the beginning of the income year,—
(a)
meets the requirements of section EX 35(b)(i) to (iii) (Exemption for interest in FIF resident in Australia); and
(b)
does not have its liability for income tax reduced by an exemption, allowance, or relief referred to in section EX 35(c)(i) or (ii); and
(c)
is not a unit trust or is a unit trust subject under Australian law to income tax on its income in the same way as a company.
Application of rule for certain managed funds
(3)
Subsection (2) does not apply if—
(a)
the person is a portfolio investment entity, an entity eligible to be a portfolio investment entity, or a life insurance company; and
(b)
the FIF is a foreign PIE equivalent.
Distribution by Australian unit trust of funds from attributing interest in a foreign investment fund
(4)
An amount paid by a CFC to a person (the CFC distribution) is not a dividend—
(a)
if the CFC—
(i)
is a unit trust that is not subject under Australian law to income tax on its income in the same way as a company; and
(ii)
has an interest in a foreign investment fund (the FIF); and
(b)
if the interest of the CFC in the FIF is an attributing interest of the person (the indirect FIF interest) that meets the requirements of section EX 59(1) in all the time that the interest is an attributing interest of the person or of an associated person; and
(c)
to the extent to which the CFC distribution is funded directly or indirectly from the indirect FIF interest.
Defined in this Act: amount, attributing interest, company, comparative value method, cost method, deemed rate of return method, direct income interest, dividend, excluded income, fair dividend rate method, FIF income, foreign investment fund, foreign PIE equivalent, income year, life insurance, liquidation, loss, pay, portfolio investment entity, revenue account method
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CD 26
Section CD 36(1) heading: inserted (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 6 October 2009, by section 19(1) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
Section CD 36(1)(b): substituted, on 1 April 2008, by section 315(1) of the Taxation (Business Taxation and Remedial Matters) Act 2007 (2007 No 109).
Section CD 36(1)(b)(iv): amended, on 29 March 2018, by section 13(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CD 36(1)(b)(v): inserted (with effect on 1 April 2025), on 30 March 2026, by section 6(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2025–26, Compliance Simplification, and Remedial Measures) Act 2026 (2026 No 8).
Section CD 36(1)(c): repealed (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 6 October 2009, by section 19(2) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
Section CD 36(1)(d): inserted, on 29 March 2018, by section 13(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CD 36(2) heading: replaced (with effect on 1 July 2011 and applying for income years beginning on or after that date), on 7 May 2012, by section 5(1) of the Taxation (International Investment and Remedial Matters) Act 2012 (2012 No 34).
Section CD 36(2): replaced (with effect on 1 July 2011 and applying for income years beginning on or after that date), on 7 May 2012, by section 5(1) of the Taxation (International Investment and Remedial Matters) Act 2012 (2012 No 34).
Section CD 36(2)(b): amended (with effect on 1 July 2014), on 31 March 2023, by section 14(1)(a) (and see section 14(3) for application) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2022–23, Platform Economy, and Remedial Matters) Act 2023 (2023 No 5).
Section CD 36(2)(c): inserted (with effect on 1 July 2014), on 31 March 2023, by section 14(1)(b) (and see section 14(3) for application) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2022–23, Platform Economy, and Remedial Matters) Act 2023 (2023 No 5).
Section CD 36(3) heading: added (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 6 October 2009, by section 19(3) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
Section CD 36(3): added (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 6 October 2009, by section 19(3) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
Section CD 36(3)(b): substituted, on 1 April 2010 (applying for the 2010–11 and later income years), by section 19(4) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
Section CD 36(4) heading: inserted, on 1 April 2023, by section 14(2) (and see section 14(4) for application) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2022–23, Platform Economy, and Remedial Matters) Act 2023 (2023 No 5).
Section CD 36(4): inserted, on 1 April 2023, by section 14(2) (and see section 14(4) for application) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2022–23, Platform Economy, and Remedial Matters) Act 2023 (2023 No 5).
Section CD 36 list of defined terms direct income interest: inserted (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 6 October 2009, by section 19(5) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
Section CD 36 list of defined terms excluded income: inserted, on 29 March 2018, by section 13(3) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CD 36 list of defined terms foreign investment vehicle: repealed, on 1 April 2010, by section 19(6) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
Section CD 36 list of defined terms foreign PIE equivalent: inserted, on 1 April 2010, by section 19(6) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
Section CD 36 list of defined terms grey list company: repealed (with effect on 1 July 2011), on 7 May 2012, by section 5(2) of the Taxation (International Investment and Remedial Matters) Act 2012 (2012 No 34).
Section CD 36 list of defined terms income year: inserted, on 1 April 2008, by section 315(2) of the Taxation (Business Taxation and Remedial Matters) Act 2007 (2007 No 109).
Section CD 36 list of defined terms life insurance: inserted (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 6 October 2009, by section 19(5) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
Section CD 36 list of defined terms portfolio investment entity: added (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 6 October 2009, by section 19(5) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
Section CD 36 list of defined terms revenue account method: inserted (with effect on 1 April 2025), on 30 March 2026, by section 6(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2025–26, Compliance Simplification, and Remedial Measures) Act 2026 (2026 No 8).
CD 36B Foreign superannuation withdrawals and pensions from foreign superannuation scheme
An amount paid to a person by a company that is a foreign superannuation scheme is not a dividend if the person derives the amount as a—
(a)
foreign superannuation withdrawal:
(b)
pension.
Defined in this Act: company, dividend, foreign superannuation withdrawal
Section CD 36B: inserted, on 1 April 2014, by section 6 of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Foreign Superannuation, and Remedial Matters) Act 2014 (2014 No 4).
CD 37 Maori authority distributions
A Maori authority distribution is not a dividend except for the purposes of section CW 10 (Dividend within New Zealand wholly-owned group).
Defined in this Act: dividend, Maori authority, wholly-owned group
Compare: 2004 No 35 s HI 4(2)
Calculation rules
CD 38 General calculation rule for transfers of company value
Difference in value
(1)
The amount of a dividend that is a transfer of company value from a company to a person is calculated using the formula—
value from company − value from person.
Definition of items in formula
(2)
In the formula,—
(a)
value from company is the market value of the money or money’s worth that the company provides to the person:
(b)
value from person—
(i)
is the market value of the money or money’s worth, if any, that the person provides to the company as consideration for the transfer. To the extent to which the person provides a loan that is cross-border related borrowing under section GC 6(3B) (Purpose and application of rules and nature of arrangements), the market value of the money or money’s worth that the person provides is determined using the interest rate for a loan made on the same terms, including credit rating, as used for the adjustment to the interest made in accordance with sections GC 6 to GC 18 (which relate to transfer pricing arrangements), if any; and
(ii)
excludes any amount that is attributable merely to the holding or giving up of rights as a shareholder in the company.
Relationship with sections CD 39 to CD 42
(3)
This section is overridden by sections CD 39 to CD 42.
Defined in this Act: amount, company, dividend, shareholder, transfer of company value
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CD 27
Section CD 38 heading: amended, on 23 March 2020, by section 93(1) of the Taxation (KiwiSaver, Student Loans, and Remedial Matters) Act 2020 (2020 No 5).
Section CD 38(1): amended, on 23 March 2020, by section 93(2) of the Taxation (KiwiSaver, Student Loans, and Remedial Matters) Act 2020 (2020 No 5).
Section CD 38(2)(b)(i): replaced, on 1 April 2022, by section 52(1) (and see section 52(2) for application) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2021–22, GST, and Remedial Matters) Act 2022 (2022 No 10).
Section CD 38 list of defined terms transfer of company value: inserted, on 23 March 2020, by section 93(3) of the Taxation (KiwiSaver, Student Loans, and Remedial Matters) Act 2020 (2020 No 5).
Section CD 38 list of defined terms transfer of value: repealed, on 23 March 2020, by section 93(3) of the Taxation (KiwiSaver, Student Loans, and Remedial Matters) Act 2020 (2020 No 5).
CD 39 Calculation of amount of dividend when property made available
How this section applies
(1)
This section applies to determine the amount of a dividend that arises under section CD 3 because a company makes property available to a person.
Amounts calculated quarterly
(2)
The amount of the dividend is calculated for each quarter during which the property is made available.
Date when amounts treated as paid
(3)
The amount of the dividend calculated for a quarter is treated as being paid by the company to the person and as being derived by the person 6 months after the end of the company’s income year. However, if the company gives notice to the shareholder on an earlier date of the amount of the dividend for that quarter, the amount is treated as being paid and derived on that earlier date instead.
Using FBT rules
(4)
Unless the property made available is a loan, the amount of the dividend for each quarter is the value of the fringe benefit for that quarter calculated under the fringe benefit tax (FBT) rules as if—
(a)
making the property available were the provision of a fringe benefit by the company to an employee in relation to employment, despite anything in sections CX 6 to CX 38 (which relate to fringe benefits); and
(b)
the company were not to choose to pay fringe benefit tax on an income year basis under section RD 60 (Close company option).
Using difference from benchmark rate
(5)
If the property made available is a loan, the amount of the dividend for each quarter is the excess, if any, of interest, calculated for the quarter on the basis of the daily balance of the loan and the benchmark rate specified in subsections (6) to (8), over the actual amount of interest accruing on the loan in the quarter. However, the company may choose instead to calculate the dividend as the excess of the benchmark interest rate amount over the amount of income accruing to the company in the quarter calculated under the yield to maturity method.
Benchmark rate: fringe benefit tax rate for certain loans
(6)
For the purposes of subsection (5), the benchmark rate of interest is the prescribed rate of interest if—
(a)
all amounts payable to the company for the loan are expressed in New Zealand dollars; and
(b)
either the borrower is not a company or, if the borrower is another company, the company making the loan notifies the Commissioner that this subsection is to apply to the loan and the quarter.
Setting benchmark rate
(7)
For the purposes of subsection (5), the benchmark rate is the rate set by the Commissioner if—
(a)
all amounts payable to the company in relation to the loan are payable in a single currency other than New Zealand dollars; and
(b)
the Commissioner has set a benchmark rate for that currency and the quarter; and
(c)
either the borrower is not a company or, if the borrower is another company, the company making the loan notifies the Commissioner that this subsection is to apply to the loan and the quarter.
Default benchmark rate
(8)
For the purposes of subsection (5), if neither subsection (6) nor (7) applies, the benchmark rate of interest is a market rate determined at the end of the quarter for a loan made on the same terms between persons at arm’s length.
Daily loan balance: certain repayments backdated
(9)
For the purposes of subsection (5), in determining the daily balance of a loan during a tax year, an amount repaid during the tax year is treated as having been applied in repayment of the loan at the start of the company’s tax year or, if later, the day the loan was made, if—
(a)
the amount is repaid by applying any salary, wages, extra pay, dividends, or interest payable by the company to the borrower; and
(b)
the amount payable by the company is income of the borrower in the tax year or an earlier tax year; and
(c)
the amount payable by the company is—
(i)
payable without any amount of tax being withheld and paid under the PAYE rules, the RWT rules, or the NRWT rules:
(ii)
a fully imputed dividend.
Daily loan balance: company nominating amount
(10)
Subject to subsection (9), for the purposes of subsection (5), the daily balance of the loan for a tax year is treated as being equal to the notional balance chosen under subsection (11) by the company making the loan if—
(a)
the borrower is a company; and
(b)
the loan is a variable principal debt instrument; and
(c)
the company making the loan notifies the Commissioner that this subsection applies for the loan and the tax year; and
(d)
the amount of the dividend calculated as a result for the loan, the borrower, and the tax year is no more than 30% greater or less than the amount that would be calculated if this section did not apply.
Notional balance options
(11)
The notional balance referred to in subsection (10) is whichever of the following is chosen by the company making the loan and notified to the Commissioner:
(a)
the average of the outstanding balances of the loan at the end of each month in the company’s tax year:
(b)
the average of—
(i)
the outstanding balance of the loan at the start of the tax year or the first time during the tax year at which the loan exists, whichever is later; and
(ii)
the outstanding balance of the loan at the end of the tax year or the last time during the tax year at which the loan exists, whichever is earlier.
Notice generally by tax returns
(12)
Reference in this section to a company notifying the Commissioner is a reference to—
(a)
a notice given to the Commissioner with the company’s return of income for the relevant tax year; or
(b)
if no return is required, a notice given by the date on which a return would be required to be filed for the tax year if a return had been required.
Attributed repatriation dividends[Repealed]
(13)
[Repealed]When loan disregarded[Repealed]
(14)
[Repealed]Defined in this Act: accounting period, amount, amount of tax, CFC, Commissioner, company, dividend, employee, extra pay, FBT rules, fringe benefit, fringe benefit tax, fully imputed, income, income year, interest, loan, New Zealand, notice, notify, NRWT rules, pay, PAYE rules, prescribed rate of interest, quarter, return of income, RWT rules, shareholder, tax year, variable principal debt instrument
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CD 28
Section CD 39(9)(c): replaced (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 30 March 2017, by section 20(1) (and see section 20(3)) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CD 39(9)(c)(ii): amended, on 29 March 2018 (with effect on 1 April 2008 and applying for the 2008–09 and later income years), by section 14(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CD 39(13) heading: repealed, on 24 February 2016, pursuant to section 74(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2015–16, Research and Development, and Remedial Matters) Act 2016 (2016 No 1).
Section CD 39(13): repealed, on 24 February 2016, by section 74(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2015–16, Research and Development, and Remedial Matters) Act 2016 (2016 No 1).
Section CD 39(14) heading: repealed, on 24 February 2016, pursuant to section 74(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2015–16, Research and Development, and Remedial Matters) Act 2016 (2016 No 1).
Section CD 39(14): repealed, on 24 February 2016, by section 74(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2015–16, Research and Development, and Remedial Matters) Act 2016 (2016 No 1).
Section CD 39 list of defined terms attributed repatriation: repealed, on 24 February 2016, by section 74(3) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2015–16, Research and Development, and Remedial Matters) Act 2016 (2016 No 1).
Section CD 39 list of defined terms fully-imputed dividend: repealed, on 29 March 2018 (with effect on 1 April 2008 and applying for the 2008–09 and later income years), by section 14(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CD 39 list of defined terms fully imputed: inserted, on 29 March 2018 (with effect on 1 April 2008 and applying for the 2008–09 and later income years), by section 14(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CD 39 list of defined terms New Zealand repatriation amount: repealed, on 24 February 2016, by section 74(3) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2015–16, Research and Development, and Remedial Matters) Act 2016 (2016 No 1).
CD 40 Adjustment if dividend recovered by company
When dividends recovered
(1)
If a company recovers a dividend from a shareholder under section 56 of the Companies Act 1993 or an equivalent provision of foreign law, this section applies to the extent necessary to ensure that—
(a)
the recovered dividend and any attached imputation credit are disregarded for the purposes of this Act; and
(b)
the resulting refunds are made.
Amendment of assessments
(2)
Section 113B of the Tax Administration Act 1994 requires the Commissioner, if given notice of the recovery of the dividend from a shareholder, to amend an assessment of the company or the shareholder in relation to income tax, or under the imputation rules, the NRWT rules, the RWT rules, or under subpart LP (Tax credits for supplementary dividends), as applicable.
Refunds
(3)
If the Commissioner has been notified of the recovery and has amended an assessment as described in subsection (2), the Commissioner must refund any relevant—
(a)
income tax of the shareholder; and
(b)
non-resident withholding tax (NRWT) or resident withholding tax (RWT) of the company.
Relationship with subpart RM
Adjustments to accounts
(5)
If the Commissioner has been notified of the recovery and has amended an assessment as described in subsection (2), a credit or debit (as applicable) arises as at the date of recovery, and must be recorded in—
(a)
the imputation credit account of the company; or
(b)
if the shareholder is an imputation credit account (ICA) company, the imputation credit account of the shareholder.
Defined in this Act: assessment, Commissioner, company, dividend, ICA company, imputation credit, imputation credit account, imputation rules, income tax, notice, notify, NRWT, NRWT rules, RWT, RWT rules, shareholder
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CD 29
Section CD 40(1)(a): amended, on 1 April 2017, by section 21(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CD 40(2): replaced (with effect on 1 April 2008 and applying for the 2008–09 and later income years), on 30 June 2014, by section 13(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Employee Allowances, and Remedial Matters) Act 2014 (2014 No 39).
Section CD 40(2): amended, on 1 April 2017, by section 21(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CD 40(3): amended (with effect on 1 April 2008 and applying for the 2008–09 and later income years), on 30 June 2014, by section 13(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Employee Allowances, and Remedial Matters) Act 2014 (2014 No 39).
Section CD 40(3)(a): replaced, on 1 April 2017, by section 21(3) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CD 40(4): amended, on 31 March 2026, by section 146 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2025–26, Compliance Simplification, and Remedial Measures) Act 2026 (2026 No 8).
Section CD 40(5): amended (with effect on 1 April 2008 and applying for the 2008–09 and later income years), on 30 June 2014, by section 13(3) of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Employee Allowances, and Remedial Matters) Act 2014 (2014 No 39).
Section CD 40(5)(b): replaced, on 1 April 2017, by section 21(4) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CD 40 list of defined terms FDP: repealed, on 1 April 2017, by section 21(5) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CD 40 list of defined terms FDP account: repealed, on 1 April 2017, by section 21(5) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CD 40 list of defined terms FDP credit: repealed, on 1 April 2017, by section 21(5) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CD 40 list of defined terms FDP penalty tax: repealed, on 1 April 2017, by section 21(5) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CD 40 list of defined terms FDP rules: repealed, on 1 April 2017, by section 21(5) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CD 40 list of defined terms FDPA company: repealed, on 1 April 2017, by section 21(5) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CD 40 list of defined terms imputation rules: inserted (with effect on 1 April 2008 and applying for the 2008–09 and later income years), on 30 June 2014, by section 13(4) of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Employee Allowances, and Remedial Matters) Act 2014 (2014 No 39).
Section CD 40 list of defined terms notify: inserted, on 2 June 2016, by section 74 of the Taxation (Transformation: First Phase Simplification and Other Measures) Act 2016 (2016 No 27).
Section CD 40 list of defined terms NRWT rules: inserted (with effect on 1 April 2008 and applying for the 2008–09 and later income years), on 30 June 2014, by section 13(4) of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Employee Allowances, and Remedial Matters) Act 2014 (2014 No 39).
Section CD 40 list of defined terms RWT rules: inserted (with effect on 1 April 2008 and applying for the 2008–09 and later income years), on 30 June 2014, by section 13(4) of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Employee Allowances, and Remedial Matters) Act 2014 (2014 No 39).
CD 41 Adjustment if amount repaid later
When released debt repaid
(1)
If the release by a company of a shareholder’s obligation to pay money to the company has been treated as a dividend and the released amount is later repaid to the company, this section applies to the extent necessary to ensure that—
(a)
the dividend is disregarded for the purposes of this Act; and
(b)
the resulting refunds are made.
When close company expenditure repaid
(2)
If any expenditure of a close company that shareholders in the company believed on reasonable grounds was only for the benefit of the company is nevertheless a dividend and the expenditure is later repaid to the company, this section applies to the extent necessary to ensure that—
(a)
the dividend is disregarded for the purposes of this Act; and
(b)
the resulting refunds are made.
Amendment of assessments
(3)
Section 113B of the Tax Administration Act 1994 requires the Commissioner to amend assessments if given notice of the repayment.
Refunds
(4)
If the Commissioner is given notice of the repayment, the Commissioner must refund any relevant tax of the shareholder.
Relationship with sections RM 2 and RM 4
(5)
The refund is made despite sections RM 2 and RM 4 (which relate to refunds of excess tax), but subject to the other provisions of this Act.
Repayment of pre-1992 loans
(6)
Subsection (1) also applies to the repayment of an amount treated as a dividend under section 4(1)(b) of the Income Tax Act 1976 (as it applied before 1 April 1992 to give the Commissioner a discretion to treat loans as dividends), as if the amount repaid were a released amount that is repaid.
Defined in this Act: amount, assessment, close company, Commissioner, company, dividend, notice, pay, shareholder, tax
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CD 30
Section CD 41(5) heading: amended, on 31 March 2026, by section 146 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2025–26, Compliance Simplification, and Remedial Measures) Act 2026 (2026 No 8).
Section CD 41(5): amended, on 31 March 2026, by section 146 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2025–26, Compliance Simplification, and Remedial Measures) Act 2026 (2026 No 8).
CD 42 Adjustment if additional consideration paid
Differences from market value
(1)
If a dividend from a company arises because of a difference between the market value of property provided by or to the company and the consideration paid for it, the dividend is disregarded for the purposes of this Act if the conditions in subsections (2) to (4) are met.
Market value
(2)
The consideration paid must have been an amount that the company considered was the market value, having taken reasonable steps at the time of the transaction to ascertain a market value.
Difference paid
(3)
The recipient of the dividend must have later paid to the company—
(a)
sufficient additional consideration to reflect the actual market value of the property at the time of the transaction; or
(b)
a refund of any excess consideration paid by the company.
Accounts adjusted
(4)
Any necessary adjustments must have been made to the accounts of the company and the recipient for the additional consideration or refund.
Defined in this Act: amount, company, dividend, pay
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CD 31
CD 43 Available subscribed capital (ASC) amount
Formula for calculating amount of available subscribed capital
(1)
For a share (the share) in a company at any relevant time (the calculation time), the amount of available subscribed capital is calculated using the formula—
1 July 1994 balance + subscriptions − returns − look-through company returns.
Definition of items in formula
(2)
In the formula in subsection (1),—
(a)
1 July 1994 balance is,—
(i)
if the company existed before 1 July 1994, the amount calculated under subsection (3); and
(ii)
in any other case, zero:
(b)
subscriptions, subject to subsections (6) to (21), is the total amount of consideration that the company received, after 30 June 1994 and before the calculation time, for the issue of shares of the same class (the class) as the share, ignoring section HB 1 (Look-through companies are transparent), and including consideration for the issue of shares by the company as a result of the application of section CE 6 (Trusts are nominees):
(c)
returns, subject to subsections (22) to (25), is the total amount of consideration that the company paid, after 30 June 1994 and before the calculation time, on the cancellation of shares in the relevant class and that was not a dividend because of section CD 22, CD 23B, or CD 24 or a corresponding provision of an earlier Act:
(d)
look-through company returns is the total amount of consideration that the company paid, before the calculation time, on the cancellation or buyback of shares in the relevant class while the company was a look-through company, ignoring section HB 1.
1 July 1994 balance
(3)
The 1 July 1994 balance is calculated using the formula—
((paid-up capital + premiums) ÷ all shares issued) × 30 June 1994 shares.
Definition of items in formula
(4)
In the formula in subsection (3),—
(a)
paid-up capital, subject to subsection (5) relating to bonus issues, is the total amount of capital paid up before 1 July 1994 for shares in the class:
(b)
premiums is the total amount of qualifying share premium paid to the company before 1 July 1994 for shares in the class, but not including amounts applied before 1 July 1994 in paying up capital:
(c)
all shares issued is the number of shares in the class ever issued at the end of 30 June 1994:
(d)
30 June 1994 shares is the number of shares in the class on issue at the end of 30 June 1994.
1 July 1994 balance: bonus issues after 30 September 1988
(5)
The capital amount included in calculating the 1 July 1994 amount does not include an amount paid up by way of a bonus issue made after 30 September 1988, unless—
(a)
the bonus issue was a taxable bonus issue; or
(b)
the amount was paid up by application of an amount of qualifying share premium.
Subscriptions amount: taxable bonus issues and debt capitalisations
(6)
The subscriptions amount includes,—
(a)
in the case of a bonus issue in lieu, the amount offered as an alternative to the bonus issue; and
(ab)
in the case of a share issued under a profit distribution plan, the amount offered by the company for the repurchase of the share; and
(b)
in the case of a taxable bonus issue that is not a bonus issue in lieu or a share issued under a profit distribution plan, the amount of the dividend arising from the taxable bonus issue; and
(c)
in the case of shares issued on conversion of, or as consideration for the release of, a debt claim against the company, the amount of debt converted or released.
When subsection (6D) applies
(6B)
Subsection (6D) applies for a company (the calculation company) for which the calculation in subsection (1) is being performed if—
(a)
section EW 46C(1)(a) or (b) (Consideration when debt remitted within economic group) applies to a creditor and debtor that are in the same wholly-owned group of companies as the calculation company; and
(b)
[Repealed](c)
section EW 46C(3) does not apply; and
(d)
the calculation company is the debtor, or the calculation company holds, before section YC 4 (Look-through rule for corporate shareholders) is applied to the calculation company, voting interests or, if a market value exists for a company that is part of the wholly-owned group of companies, market value interests, in the debtor.
When subsection (6D) applies
(6C)
Subsection (6D) also applies if section EW 46C(1)(c) applies to a creditor or single creditor group under that section, and the company for which the calculation in subsection (1) is being performed (the calculation company)—
(a)
is the creditor’s debtor, to whom section EW 46C(1)(c) applies:
(b)
has, before the application of section YC 4, either voting interests in the creditor’s debtor, to whom section EW 46C(1)(c) applies, or market value interests in the creditor’s debtor, to whom section EW 46C(1)(c) applies, if a market value circumstance exists for the debtor.
Subscriptions amount: debt remitted within economic group
(6D)
For the calculation company, the subscriptions amount is treated as including the amount of debt to which section EW 46C(5) applies for the creditor, for the class of shares that the creditor has the most voting interests for, or, if the creditor is the single creditor group under section EW 46C(1)(c), for the class of shares for which a member has the most voting interests. The maximum subscriptions amount included for an amount of debt for a calculation company is—
(a)
if the calculation company is the debtor, the amount of debt:
(b)
if the calculation company is not the debtor, the amount of debt multiplied by 1 of the following interests, determined before the application of section YC 4:
(i)
the calculation company’s voting interests in the creditor’s debtor; or
(ii)
the calculation company’s market value interest in the creditor’s debtor, if there is a market value circumstance.
Subscriptions amount increase: employee share scheme
(6E)
Unless subsection (6F) applies, when the company is part of an employee share scheme, the subscriptions amount includes, in addition to any amount under subsection (2)(b), the following amounts:
(a)
if the company has a deduction under section DV 27(6) (Employee share schemes) (the employer company) for the employee share scheme and employee, then the subscriptions amount includes the positive amount calculated using the formula in subsection (6G), and the subscriptions amount is—
(i)
for shares of the same class as the shares issued under the employee share scheme by the employer company; or
(ii)
if the employer company does not issue shares under the employee share scheme, for shares of the class most similar to the shares issued under the employee share scheme:
(b)
the subscriptions amount for shares of the same class as the shares issued by the company under the employee share scheme (the issuer company) includes the amount of the employer company’s deduction under section DV 27(6) for the employee share scheme and employee, if,—
(i)
the issuer company is not the employer company; and
(ii)
the company is a member of a wholly-owned group of companies of which the employer company is a member; and
(iii)
before the application of section YC 4 (Look-through rule for corporate shareholders), no member of the wholly-owned group has a voting interest in the issuer company.
Exception to subsection (6E) by election
(6F)
Subsection (6E) does not apply if—
(a)
the shares issued under the employee share scheme are issued for market value or a reasonable estimate of market value; and
(b)
the company elects to apply this subsection.
Formula: employer companies
(6G)
For the purposes of subsection (6E)(a), the amount is calculated using the formula—
subscription amount − consideration paid.
Definition of items in formula
(6H)
In the formula in subsection (6G),—
(a)
subscription amount is the amount of the company’s deduction under section DV 27(6) for the employee share scheme and employee:
(b)
consideration paid is the amount of consideration paid by the company to another company that is a member of the same wholly-owned group of companies (the payee company) for the issue of the shares to the employee under the employee share scheme.
Employer companies’ negative amounts
(6I)
If the amount calculated using the formula in subsection (6G) is negative, then the absolute value of the amount is subtracted from the company’s subscriptions amount for the issue of shares of the class most similar to the shares issued under the employee share scheme.
Formula: employer companies’ negative amounts
(6J)
If the amount calculated using the formula in subsection (6G) is negative, then a positive amount calculated using the formula in this subsection is a dividend paid by the company to the payee company—
formula amount − ASC.
Definition of items in formula
(6K)
In the formula in subsection (6J),—
(a)
formula amount is the absolute value of the amount calculated using the formula in subsection (6G):
(b)
ASC is the amount of available subscribed capital under this section, before the application of subsection (6I), for shares of the class most similar to the shares issued under the employee share scheme.
Subscriptions amount: exclusions for bonus issues
(7)
The subscriptions amount does not include—
(a)
an amount for a bonus issue if none of subsection (6)(a), (ab), or (b) applies:
(ab)
an amount for an imputation credit attached to the dividend arising from a taxable bonus issue if subsection (6)(b) applies:
(b)
an amount for a taxable bonus issue made to a shareholder to whom the bonus issue was exempt income under section CW 9 (Dividend derived by company from overseas) or CW 10 (Dividend within New Zealand wholly-owned group), or under a corresponding repealed provision, except to the extent to which the taxable bonus issue is fully credited.
Subscriptions amount: reinvested exempt dividends
(8)
The subscriptions amount does not include—
(a)
an amount received by the company that is mainly attributable, directly or indirectly, to the company paying a dividend to a shareholder,—
(i)
if the dividend was exempt income of the shareholder under section CW 9 or CW 10, or a corresponding provision of an earlier Act; and
(ii)
[Repealed](iii)
to the extent to which the dividend is not fully credited; or
(b)
an amount received by the company if the amount is mainly attributable, directly or indirectly, to the payment by the company of a dividend to a controlled foreign company at a time when the company is also a controlled foreign company, regardless of whether either company is a grey list company or non-attributing Australian CFC.
Subscriptions amount: share-for-share exchanges
(9)
Subsection (10) applies if—
(a)
the company receives an amount, directly or indirectly, for the issue of shares in the class that is in the form of shares in another company; and
(b)
immediately after the issue there are 1 or more persons whose common voting interests (or common market value interests), as measured in section IC 3(3) to (5) (Common ownership: group of companies), in the company and the other company total 10% or greater; and
(c)
the receipt is not on an amalgamation.
Subscriptions amount: no uplift for share-for-share exchanges
(10)
If subsection (9) applies, the subscriptions amount does not include the amount received to the extent to which it is more than the total available subscribed capital per share, calculated under the slice rule and calculated after deducting any ineligible capital amount described in subsections (13) and (14) of the shares in the other company at the date on which the amount is received.
Subscriptions amount: company share capital reorganisation
(11)
Subsection (12) applies if a company receives an amount for the issue of shares in the class in the form of—
(a)
a shareholder giving up rights of membership in the company; or
(b)
a shareholder giving up rights of membership in a company associated with the company or that is in substance the same company.
Subscriptions amount: no uplift for share capital reorganisation
(12)
If subsection (11) applies, the subscriptions amount does not include the amount received to the extent to which it is more than the total available subscribed capital per share of the rights given up at the date they are given up, calculated—
(a)
under the slice rule; and
(b)
after deducting any ineligible capital amount described in subsections (13) and (14); and
(c)
as if the rights given up were shares, if they are not shares.
Subscriptions amount: when ineligible capital arises
(13)
For the purposes of subsections (10) and (12), an ineligible capital amount arises if—
(a)
a company (the acquiring company) issues shares in consideration for acquiring, directly or indirectly, shares in another company (the acquired company); and
(b)
the acquired company has issued shares in anticipation of the shares being acquired by the acquiring company; and
(c)
those shares issued in anticipation are not a fully credited taxable bonus issue; and
(d)
the acquiring company pays an amount in consideration for acquiring the shares in the acquired company in addition to issuing shares in the acquiring company.
Subscriptions amount: amount of ineligible capital
(14)
The ineligible capital amount is the lesser of—
(a)
the total of the available subscribed capital per share calculated under the slice rule of the shares in the acquired company that is attributable to the shares issued in anticipation, except to the extent to which the shares issued in anticipation are a fully credited taxable bonus issue; and
(b)
the total additional amount paid by the acquiring company referred to in subsection (13)(d).
Subscriptions amount: amalgamated company
(15)
The subscriptions amount for a company that is an amalgamated company resulting from an amalgamation—
(a)
includes an amount, as if it were consideration received at the time of the amalgamation for the issue of the amalgamated company’s shares, equal to the available subscribed capital, at the time of the amalgamation, of all shares in the amalgamating companies that are—
(i)
of an equivalent class to the class; and
(ii)
not held directly or indirectly by an amalgamating company; and
(iii)
not shares in the amalgamated company:
(b)
does not include any other amount for the agreement of shareholders of an amalgamating company to the amalgamation and the resulting property acquisitions by the amalgamated company.
Subscriptions amount: emigrating company
(16)
If a company has been treated under section FL 2 or FL 3 (which relate to the treatment of emigrating companies and their shareholders) as paying a distribution to shareholders, the subscriptions amount includes the amount of the distribution that is a dividend.
Subscriptions amount: Maori authority
(17)
If the company is a Maori authority, the subscriptions amount includes the taxable income derived by the Maori authority in the 2003–04 tax year or an earlier tax year.
Subscriptions amount: no double counting
(18)
The subscriptions amount does not include amounts included in calculating the 1 July 1994 balance.
Subscriptions amount: treasury stock disposals excluded
(19)
The subscriptions amount does not include the amount of consideration received by a company for disposing of a share if the disposal is taken into account under section CD 25 to determine that the amount paid by the company on a previous share acquisition is not subject to section CD 25(4) to (6).
Subscriptions amount: superannuation fund’s interest in GIF
(20)
The subscriptions amount of a company that is a group investment fund includes the value of the interest of a superannuation fund in the group investment fund at the end of 31 March 1999.
Subscriptions amount exclusion: employee share scheme
(20B)
The subscriptions amount does not include an amount of consideration that the company received for the issue of shares, if the payer of the consideration for the issue of shares is a member of the same wholly-owned group of companies as the company, and the company has, before the application of section YC 4 to the company, voting interests in the payer.
1 July 1994 and subscriptions amount: foreign currency conversions
(21)
If an amount of consideration that a company receives for the issue of shares is payable in a foreign currency, the amount paid is treated, for the purposes of this section, as if it were converted into New Zealand currency at the calculation time.
Returns amount: on-market cancellations by associate
(22)
If the acquisition of a share by an associate of the company is within the meaning of an acquisition under paragraph (d) of the definition of on-market cancellation, it is treated in the same way for the purposes of calculating the returns amount.
Returns amount: recovered amounts
(23)
The returns amount does not include any amount recovered by the company before the calculation time under section 56 of the Companies Act 1993 or an equivalent provision of foreign law.
Returns amount: shares cancelled on amalgamation
(24)
If shares in an amalgamated company held by an amalgamating company are cancelled on the amalgamation, the returns amount included in calculating the available subscribed capital amount of a share in the amalgamated company that is of the same class as the cancelled shares is increased by the amount calculated using the formula—
cancelled shares × asc per share.
Definition of items in formula
(25)
In the formula in subsection (24),—
(a)
cancelled shares is the number of cancelled shares:
(b)
asc per share is the available subscribed capital per share calculated under the slice rule of each cancelled share immediately before the amalgamation.
Meaning of fully credited
(26)
In this section, the part of a dividend that is fully credited is the part that is calculated using the formula—
dividend excluding credits × actual ratio ÷ maximum ratio.
Definition of items in formula
(27)
In the formula in subsection (26),—
(a)
dividend excluding credits is the dividend excluding any attached imputation credit:
(b)
actual ratio is the imputation ratio of the dividend (section OZ 13 (Fully credited dividends: modifying actual ratio) may apply to modify this paragraph):
(c)
maximum ratio is the maximum imputation ratio specified in section OA 18 (Calculation of maximum permitted ratios).
Meaning of qualifying share premium
(28)
In this section, qualifying share premium means an amount of premium paid to a company for the issue of a share by the company if—
(a)
the amount was credited to a share premium account in the company’s books; and
(b)
the issue of shares was not in consideration for the acquisition, directly or indirectly, of shares in another company.
Subscriptions amount decrease: employee share scheme
(29)
An amount equal to the amount of the company’s income under section CV 20 (Employee share schemes) or equal to the amount of income under section CV 20 for another company in the same wholly-owned group of companies, as the case may be, is subtracted from the subscriptions amount—
(a)
for shares of the same class as the shares issued under the employee share scheme by the company; or
(b)
if the company does not issue shares under the employee share scheme, for shares of the class most similar to the shares issued under the employee share scheme.
Defined in this Act: amalgamated company, amalgamating company, amalgamation, amount, associated person, available subscribed capital, bonus issue, bonus issue in lieu, cancellation, common market value interest, common voting interest, company, consideration, controlled foreign company, deduction, dividend, employee, employee share scheme, exempt income, fully credited, grey list company, group investment fund, imputation credit, imputation ratio, look-through company, market value circumstance, market value interest, Maori authority, New Zealand, non-attributing Australian CFC, non-resident company, on-market cancellation, pay, profit distribution plan, qualifying share premium, share, shareholder, shares of the same class, slice rule, superannuation fund, tax year, taxable bonus issue, taxable income, voting interest, wholly-owned group of companies
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CD 32
Section CD 43(1) formula: amended, on 1 April 2011 (applying for income years beginning on or after 1 April 2011), by section 29(1) of the Taxation (GST and Remedial Matters) Act 2010 (2010 No 130).
Section CD 43(2)(b): amended, on 30 March 2021, by section 16 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2020–21, Feasibility Expenditure, and Remedial Matters) Act 2021 (2021 No 8).
Section CD 43(2)(b): amended, on 1 April 2011 (applying for income years beginning on or after 1 April 2011), by section 29(2) of the Taxation (GST and Remedial Matters) Act 2010 (2010 No 130).
Section CD 43(2)(c): amended (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 29 March 2025, by section 11(1) (and see section 11(2) for application) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2024–25, Emergency Response, and Remedial Measures) Act 2025 (2025 No 9).
Section CD 43(2)(c): amended (with effect on 1 October 2012), on 2 November 2012, by section 10(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Returns Filing, and Remedial Matters) Act 2012 (2012 No 88).
Section CD 43(2)(c): amended, on 1 April 2011 (applying for income years beginning on or after 1 April 2011), by section 29(3) of the Taxation (GST and Remedial Matters) Act 2010 (2010 No 130).
Section CD 43(2)(d): added, on 1 April 2011 (applying for income years beginning on or after 1 April 2011), by section 29(3) of the Taxation (GST and Remedial Matters) Act 2010 (2010 No 130).
Section CD 43(6)(ab): inserted (with effect on 1 October 2012), on 2 November 2012, by section 10(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Returns Filing, and Remedial Matters) Act 2012 (2012 No 88).
Section CD 43(6)(b): amended (with effect on 1 October 2012), on 2 November 2012, by section 10(3) of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Returns Filing, and Remedial Matters) Act 2012 (2012 No 88).
Section CD 43(6B) heading: inserted (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 30 March 2017, by section 22(1) (and see section 22(10)) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CD 43(6B): inserted (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 30 March 2017, by section 22(1) (and see section 22(10)) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CD 43(6B)(a): amended (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 30 March 2022, by section 53(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2021–22, GST, and Remedial Matters) Act 2022 (2022 No 10).
Section CD 43(6B)(b): repealed (with effect on 30 March 2017), on 30 March 2022, by section 53(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2021–22, GST, and Remedial Matters) Act 2022 (2022 No 10).
Section CD 43(6C) heading: inserted (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 30 March 2017, by section 22(1) (and see section 22(10)) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CD 43(6C): inserted (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 30 March 2017, by section 22(1) (and see section 22(10)) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CD 43(6D) heading: inserted (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 30 March 2017, by section 22(1) (and see section 22(10)) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CD 43(6D) heading: amended (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 30 March 2022, by section 53(3) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2021–22, GST, and Remedial Matters) Act 2022 (2022 No 10).
Section CD 43(6D): inserted (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 30 March 2017, by section 22(1) (and see section 22(10)) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CD 43(6E) heading: inserted, on 29 September 2018, by section 15(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CD 43(6E): inserted, on 29 September 2018, by section 15(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CD 43(6F) heading: inserted, on 29 September 2018, by section 15(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CD 43(6F): inserted, on 29 September 2018, by section 15(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CD 43(6G) heading: inserted, on 29 September 2018, by section 15(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CD 43(6G): inserted, on 29 September 2018, by section 15(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CD 43(6H) heading: inserted, on 29 September 2018, by section 15(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CD 43(6H): inserted, on 29 September 2018, by section 15(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CD 43(6I) heading: inserted, on 29 September 2018, by section 15(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CD 43(6I): inserted, on 29 September 2018, by section 15(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CD 43(6J) heading: inserted, on 29 September 2018, by section 15(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CD 43(6J): inserted, on 29 September 2018, by section 15(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CD 43(6K) heading: inserted, on 29 September 2018, by section 15(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CD 43(6K): inserted, on 29 September 2018, by section 15(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CD 43(7) heading: replaced, on 30 March 2017, by section 22(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CD 43(7)(a): amended, on 30 March 2017, by section 22(3) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CD 43(7)(a): amended (with effect on 1 October 2012), on 2 November 2012, by section 10(4) of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Returns Filing, and Remedial Matters) Act 2012 (2012 No 88).
Section CD 43(7)(ab): inserted, on 30 March 2017, by section 22(4) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CD 43(8)(a)(ii): repealed, on 1 April 2017, by section 22(5) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CD 43(8)(b): substituted (with effect on 30 June 2009), on 6 October 2009, by section 20(1) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
Section CD 43(9)(b): amended (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 7 September 2010 (applying for the 2008–09 and later income years), by section 10(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Trans-Tasman Savings Portability, KiwiSaver, and Remedial Matters) Act 2010 (2010 No 109).
Section CD 43(16): amended (with effect on 30 August 2022), on 31 March 2023, by section 15 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2022–23, Platform Economy, and Remedial Matters) Act 2023 (2023 No 5).
Section CD 43(19) heading: amended (with effect on 1 April 2015 and applying for the 2015–16 and later income years), on 24 February 2016, by section 242(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2015–16, Research and Development, and Remedial Matters) Act 2016 (2016 No 1).
Section CD 43(20B) heading: inserted, on 29 September 2018, by section 15(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CD 43(20B): inserted, on 29 September 2018, by section 15(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CD 43(27)(a): amended, on 1 April 2017, by section 22(6) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CD 43(27)(b): replaced, on 1 April 2017, by section 22(7) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CD 43(29) heading: inserted, on 29 September 2018, by section 15(3) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CD 43(29): inserted, on 29 September 2018, by section 15(3) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CD 43 list of defined terms consideration: inserted (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 6 October 2009, by section 20(3) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
Section CD 43 list of defined terms deduction: inserted, on 29 September 2018, by section 15(4) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CD 43 list of defined terms employee: inserted, on 29 September 2018, by section 15(4) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CD 43 list of defined terms employee share scheme: inserted, on 29 September 2018, by section 15(4) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CD 43 list of defined terms FDP: repealed, on 1 April 2017, by section 22(8) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CD 43 list of defined terms FDP credit: repealed, on 1 April 2017, by section 22(8) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CD 43 list of defined terms FDP ratio: repealed, on 1 April 2017, by section 22(8) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CD 43 list of defined terms look-through company: inserted, on 1 April 2011, by section 29(4) of the Taxation (GST and Remedial Matters) Act 2010 (2010 No 130).
Section CD 43 list of defined terms market value circumstance: inserted (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 30 March 2017, by section 22(9) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CD 43 list of defined terms market value interest: inserted (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 30 March 2017, by section 22(9) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CD 43 list of defined terms non-attributing Australian CFC: inserted (with effect on 30 June 2009), on 6 October 2009, by section 20(2) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
Section CD 43 list of defined terms non-resident company: inserted (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 30 March 2017, by section 22(9) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CD 43 list of defined terms profit distribution plan: inserted (with effect on 1 October 2012), on 2 November 2012, by section 10(5) of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Returns Filing, and Remedial Matters) Act 2012 (2012 No 88).
Section CD 43 list of defined terms voting interest: inserted (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 30 March 2017, by section 22(9) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CD 43 list of defined terms wholly-owned group of companies: inserted, on 29 September 2018, by section 15(4) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
CD 44 Available capital distribution amount
Formula for calculating amount of available capital distribution
(1)
For a share (the share) on the liquidation of the company, the available capital distribution amount is calculated using the formula—
(receipt − asc per share) × (net capital amount +
(capital property distributed − cost))
÷ (total receipts − total asc).
Definition of items in formula
(2)
In the formula,—
(a)
receipt is the amount received by the shareholder on the liquidation for the share:
(b)
asc per share is the available subscribed capital per share calculated under the ordering rule for the share at the time of the liquidation:
(c)
net capital amount is the total of the capital gain amounts less the capital loss amounts arising in the 1992–93 tax year or a later tax year that is available for distribution to shareholders in the company on liquidation but excluding any gain or loss occurring when the company distributes property to shareholders on the liquidation:
(d)
capital property distributed is the total market value of capital property of the company distributed to shareholders on the liquidation:
(e)
cost is the total cost to the company of the capital property included in the capital property distributed item:
(f)
[Repealed](g)
total receipts is the total of all amounts received by shareholders on the liquidation:
(h)
total asc is the total of the available subscribed capital of all shares in the company at the time of the liquidation.
Positive amounts
(3)
Despite subsection (1), the available capital distribution amount per share is zero if either multiplier in the formula is negative.
When foreign company information inadequate
(4)
Despite subsection (1), the available capital distribution amount is zero if—
(a)
the company is not resident in New Zealand; and
(b)
the shareholder cannot obtain sufficient information to calculate the actual available capital distribution amount.
Capital gain amount: bonus issued capital gains
(5)
A capital gain amount is treated as still being available for distribution to the extent to which—
(a)
it has been applied to pay up a bonus issue made after 30 September 1988; and
(b)
the bonus issue is a non-taxable bonus issue; and
(c)
the bonus issued share is still on issue at the time of the company’s liquidation.
This subsection is overridden by subsection (6).
Capital gain amount: capital gains after 31 March 1988 and before 1992–93
(6)
A capital gain amount, derived after 31 March 1988 and before the 1992–93 tax year, is not available for distribution to the extent to which a capital loss amount has arisen for the company in the tax year in which the capital gain amount was derived or in a later tax year before the 1992–93 tax year. Capital loss amounts are offset against capital gain amounts in the chronological order in which each arose and, to the extent offset, are then disregarded for the purposes of this subsection.
Capital gain amount: when capital gain amounts arise
(7)
For the purposes of this section, a company derives a capital gain amount if,—
(a)
after 31 March 1988, it disposes of capital property for an amount of consideration that is more than the cost of the property to the company, including a disposal that the company is treated as making under section DB 26 (Amount from profit-making undertaking or scheme and not already in income) or DB 27 (Amount from major development or division and not already in income); the capital gain amount is the excess; or
(b)
after 31 March 1988, it receives a capital gain, including a gift, and no part is assessable income of the company; the capital gain amount is the amount of the capital gain; or
(c)
an amount is derived by the company from another company on liquidation of the other company that is excluded from being a dividend as a result of section CD 26(2)(b) and this section; or
(d)
an amount is derived by the company that is attributable to a revaluation of livestock in the 1992–93 tax year or a later tax year under section 86D of the Income Tax Act 1976 or section EC 16 (Valuation under herd scheme) or EC 20 (Herd livestock disposed of before values determined); or
(db)
an amount is derived by the company that is attributable to the difference between the consideration for disposal or acquisition of livestock and the value of that livestock under section EC 4C (Value and timing of transfers); or
(dc)
an amount is derived by the company that is subject to section HC 38(3) (Beneficiary income of certain close companies), in which case the capital gain amount is this amount less the tax paid by the trustee in respect of the amount under section HC 24 (Trustees’ obligations); or
(e)
the amount is described in section CZ 9(1) (Available capital distribution amount: 1965 and 1985–1992).
Disposal of shares received in a share-for-share exchange
(7B)
A company that sells or transfers to a person that is not associated, for consideration, shares that are capital property, and the shares were received by the company in a share-for-share exchange to which section CD 43(9) and (10) (Available subscribed capital (ASC) amount) apply, has a capital gain amount, in addition to any other capital gain amount, equal to the subscriptions amount not included, because of the application of section CD 43(10), for the relevant issue of the company’s shares in the share-for-share exchange.
Net capital gain: amalgamated company inheriting net capital gain
(8)
An amalgamated company is treated as deriving, at the time of the amalgamation, an amount (the net amount) equal to the total of the capital gain amounts, less capital loss amounts arising in the 1992–93 tax year or a later tax year, of an amalgamating company to the extent to which—
(a)
the amalgamating company’s net amount was available for distribution at the time of the amalgamation; and
(b)
was not distributed to any person other than the amalgamated company.
Exception when amalgamated and amalgamating company the same
(8BA)
Subsection (8) does not apply to an amalgamated company if the amalgamated company is the same company as the amalgamating company.
Capital gain amount: consideration when debt remitted within economic group
(8B)
The amount of a debt to which section EW 46C (Consideration when debt remitted within economic group) applies does not give rise to a capital gain amount if section CD 43(6D) does not apply to it.
Capital gain amount: FIF income calculated using fair dividend rate or cost methods
(8C)
A company derives a capital gain amount for the purposes of this section in relation to an attributing interest in a FIF for which the company uses the fair dividend rate method or the cost method to calculate their FIF income for a period. The capital gain amount is an amount equal to the greater of—
(a)
the total amount of dividends and gains on disposal derived from the interest in the period that is excluded income under section CX 57B (Amounts derived during periods covered by calculation methods) reduced by the total amount of FIF income the company has from that interest for the same period; and
(b)
zero.
Gains on disposal
(8D)
For the purposes of subsection (8C)(a), a gain on disposal is the difference between the consideration on disposal of the interest and the cost of acquisition of the interest.
When capital losses arise
(9)
For the purposes of this section, a company incurs a capital loss if it disposes of capital property for an amount of consideration that is less than—
(a)
for property that is a building for which no depreciation loss arises under section EE 48(2) and (3) (Effect of disposal or event), the adjusted tax value of the property at the date of disposal, if the property is an item of depreciable property; or
(b)
the cost of the property to the company at the date of disposal, if the property is not an item of depreciable property.
Capital loss amount
(9BA)
The capital loss amount for a disposal referred to in subsection (9) is equal to the deficit referred to in that subsection for the disposal.
Capital losses amount: herd scheme
(9B)
For the purposes of this section, a company incurs a capital loss if it incurs a loss that is attributable to the difference between the consideration for disposal or acquisition of livestock and the value of that livestock under section EC 4C.
Capital losses amount: company existing before 1 April 1988
(10)
In the case of a company that existed before 1 April 1988, the capital losses amount cannot be more than the total of—
(a)
the total of the capital gain amounts arising after 31 March 1988 that are available for distribution to shareholders in the company on the liquidation, excluding any gain occurring when the company distributes property to a shareholder on the liquidation; and
(b)
the amount of the capital property distributed item, minus the amount of the cost item, in the formula.
Company common interest transactions
(10B)
An amount derived or incurred by a company (company A) on disposing of property (the property) to another company (company B) is not a capital gain amount or a capital loss amount if—
(a)
at the time of the disposal, a group of persons holds, for companies A and B,—
(i)
common voting interests that add up to at least 85%; and
(ii)
if a market value circumstance exists for company A or company B, common market value interests that add up to at least 85%; and
(b)
on the liquidation of company A, the aggregate total given by applying the formula in subsection (10C) for all companies that own part of the property (owning companies) is 85% or more.
Formula
(10C)
For the purposes of subsection (10B)(b), for an owning company, the formula is—
commonality interest × ownership interest.
Definition of items in formula
(10D)
In the formula in subsection (10C),—
(a)
commonality interest is, if the owning company is company A, 100%, or, if the owning company is not company A, the percentage of common holding by a group of persons, for the owning company and company A, of—
(i)
common voting interests; or
(ii)
if a market value circumstance exists for the owning company or company A, common market value interests, if they are greater than the common voting interests:
(b)
ownership interest is the percentage ownership of the property, by market value, for the owning company.
Relationship between subsections
(10E)
Subsection (10B) is overridden by subsection (7)(c).
Related person transactions[Repealed]
(11)
[Repealed]Close companies liquidations[Repealed]
(12)
[Repealed]Reinvested exempt dividends
(13)
When a capital gain amount, a capital loss amount, or the cost of capital property is determined, the cost of any shares subscribed for by the company in another company does not include any consideration for the subscribed shares that is excluded from the available subscribed capital of the other company under section CD 43(7)(b) or (8).
Amounts written up
(14)
When a capital gain amount, a capital loss amount, or the cost of capital property is determined, the cost of the relevant capital property is increased to the extent to which—
(a)
the value of the property is written up in the company’s books; and
(b)
because it was attributed to the write-up,—
(i)
an amount paid before 11 June 1965 is treated as described in section CZ 9(2)(a); or
(ii)
an issue of a share before 1 April 1988 is treated as described in section CZ 9(2)(b).
Relationship with section CZ 9B[Repealed]
(14B)
[Repealed]Meaning of related person[Repealed]
(15)
[Repealed]Look-through relatives and nominees[Repealed]
(16)
[Repealed]Look-through interposed companies[Repealed]
(17)
[Repealed]Meaning of capital property
(18)
In this section, capital property means property of the company that is not revenue account property, and includes an attributing interest in a FIF for which income is calculated using either the fair dividend rate method or the cost method.
Defined in this Act: adjusted tax value, amalgamated company, amalgamating company, amalgamation, amount, assessable income, attributing interest, available capital distribution amount, available subscribed capital, bonus issue, capital property, close company, company, cost method, depreciable property, dividend, fair dividend rate method, FIF, FIF income, group of persons, income, liquidation, market value circumstance, market value interest, non-taxable bonus issue, ordering rule, pay, relative, resident in New Zealand, revenue account property, share, shareholder, tax year, trustee, voting interest
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CD 33
Section CD 44(1) formula: amended (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 30 March 2026, by section 7(1) (and see section 7(6) for application) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2025–26, Compliance Simplification, and Remedial Measures) Act 2026 (2026 No 8).
Section CD 44(2)(c): replaced (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 30 March 2026, by section 7(2) (and see section 7(6) for application) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2025–26, Compliance Simplification, and Remedial Measures) Act 2026 (2026 No 8).
Section CD 44(2)(f): repealed (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 30 March 2026, by section 7(3) (and see section 7(6) for application) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2025–26, Compliance Simplification, and Remedial Measures) Act 2026 (2026 No 8).
Section CD 44(7)(b): amended (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 29 August 2011 (applying for the 2008–09 and later income years), by section 4(1) of the Taxation (Tax Administration and Remedial Matters) Act 2011 (2011 No 63).
Section CD 44(7)(db): inserted (with effect on 28 March 2012), on 24 February 2016, by section 75(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2015–16, Research and Development, and Remedial Matters) Act 2016 (2016 No 1).
Section CD 44(7)(dc): replaced (with effect on 1 April 2024), on 29 March 2025, by section 12(1) (and see section 12(2) for application) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2024–25, Emergency Response, and Remedial Measures) Act 2025 (2025 No 9).
Section CD 44(7B) heading: inserted, on 30 March 2022, by section 54(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2021–22, GST, and Remedial Matters) Act 2022 (2022 No 10).
Section CD 44(7B): inserted, on 30 March 2022, by section 54(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2021–22, GST, and Remedial Matters) Act 2022 (2022 No 10).
Section CD 44(8) heading: replaced (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 30 March 2026, by section 7(4) (and see section 7(6) for application) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2025–26, Compliance Simplification, and Remedial Measures) Act 2026 (2026 No 8).
Section CD 44(8): replaced (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 30 March 2026, by section 7(4) (and see section 7(6) for application) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2025–26, Compliance Simplification, and Remedial Measures) Act 2026 (2026 No 8).
Section CD 44(8BA) heading: inserted (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 30 March 2026, by section 7(4) (and see section 7(6) for application) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2025–26, Compliance Simplification, and Remedial Measures) Act 2026 (2026 No 8).
Section CD 44(8BA): inserted (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 30 March 2026, by section 7(4) (and see section 7(6) for application) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2025–26, Compliance Simplification, and Remedial Measures) Act 2026 (2026 No 8).
Section CD 44(8B) heading: inserted (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 30 March 2017, by section 23(1) (and see section 23(8)) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CD 44(8B) heading: amended (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 30 March 2022, by section 54(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2021–22, GST, and Remedial Matters) Act 2022 (2022 No 10).
Section CD 44(8B): inserted (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 30 March 2017, by section 23(1) (and see section 23(8)) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CD 44(8B): amended (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 30 March 2022, by section 54(3) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2021–22, GST, and Remedial Matters) Act 2022 (2022 No 10).
Section CD 44(8C) heading: inserted, on 29 March 2018, by section 16(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CD 44(8C): inserted, on 29 March 2018, by section 16(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CD 44(8D) heading: inserted, on 29 March 2018, by section 16(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CD 44(8D): inserted, on 29 March 2018, by section 16(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CD 44(9) heading: replaced (with effect on 1 April 2008 and applying for the 2008–09 and later income years), on 30 March 2017, by section 23(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CD 44(9): replaced (with effect on 1 April 2008 and applying for the 2008–09 and later income years), on 30 March 2017, by section 23(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CD 44(9)(a): amended, on 29 March 2018 (with effect on 1 April 2008 and applying for the 2008–09 and later income years), by section 16(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CD 44(9BA) heading: inserted (with effect on 1 April 2008 and applying for the 2008–09 and later income years), on 30 March 2017, by section 23(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CD 44(9BA): inserted (with effect on 1 April 2008 and applying for the 2008–09 and later income years), on 30 March 2017, by section 23(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CD 44(9B) heading: inserted (with effect on 28 March 2012), on 24 February 2016, by section 75(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2015–16, Research and Development, and Remedial Matters) Act 2016 (2016 No 1).
Section CD 44(9B): inserted (with effect on 28 March 2012), on 24 February 2016, by section 75(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2015–16, Research and Development, and Remedial Matters) Act 2016 (2016 No 1).
Section CD 44(10)(a): replaced (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 30 March 2026, by section 7(5) (and see section 7(6) for application) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2025–26, Compliance Simplification, and Remedial Measures) Act 2026 (2026 No 8).
Section CD 44(10B) heading: replaced, on 30 March 2017, by section 23(4) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CD 44(10B): amended (with effect on 1 April 2010), on 30 March 2017, by section 23(3) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CD 44(10B): replaced, on 30 March 2017, by section 23(4) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CD 44(10C) heading: replaced, on 30 March 2017, by section 23(4) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CD 44(10C): replaced, on 30 March 2017, by section 23(4) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CD 44(10D) heading: inserted, on 30 March 2017, by section 23(4) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CD 44(10D): inserted, on 30 March 2017, by section 23(4) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CD 44(10E) heading: inserted, on 30 March 2017, by section 23(4) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CD 44(10E): inserted, on 30 March 2017, by section 23(4) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CD 44(11) heading: repealed, on 1 April 2010 (applying for the 2010–11 and later income years), pursuant to section 21(2) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
Section CD 44(11): repealed, on 1 April 2010 (applying for the 2010–11 and later income years), by section 21(2) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
Section CD 44(12) heading: repealed, on 1 April 2010 (applying for the 2010–11 and later income years), pursuant to section 21(2) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
Section CD 44(12): repealed, on 1 April 2010 (applying for the 2010–11 and later income years), by section 21(2) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
Section CD 44(14B) heading: repealed, on 30 March 2017 (applying for the 2008–09 and later income years), pursuant to section 23(5) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CD 44(14B): repealed, on 30 March 2017 (applying for the 2008–09 and later income years), by section 23(5) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CD 44(15) heading: repealed, on 1 April 2010 (applying for the 2010–11 and later income years), pursuant to section 21(4) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
Section CD 44(15): repealed, on 1 April 2010 (applying for the 2010–11 and later income years), by section 21(4) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
Section CD 44(16) heading: repealed, on 1 April 2010 (applying for the 2010–11 and later income years), pursuant to section 21(4) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
Section CD 44(16): repealed, on 1 April 2010 (applying for the 2010–11 and later income years), by section 21(4) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
Section CD 44(17) heading: repealed, on 1 April 2010 (applying for the 2010–11 and later income years), pursuant to section 21(4) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
Section CD 44(17): repealed, on 1 April 2010 (applying for the 2010–11 and later income years), by section 21(4) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
Section CD 44(18): amended, on 29 March 2018, by section 16(3) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CD 44 list of defined terms adjusted tax value: inserted (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 30 March 2017, by section 23(6) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CD 44 list of defined terms assessable income: inserted (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 29 August 2011, by section 4(2) of the Taxation (Tax Administration and Remedial Matters) Act 2011 (2011 No 63).
Section CD 44 list of defined terms attributing interest: inserted, on 29 March 2018, by section 16(4) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CD 44 list of defined terms cost method: inserted, on 29 March 2018, by section 16(4) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CD 44 list of defined terms depreciable property: inserted (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 30 March 2017, by section 23(6) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CD 44 list of defined terms fair dividend rate method: inserted, on 29 March 2018, by section 16(4) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CD 44 list of defined terms FIF: inserted, on 29 March 2018, by section 16(4) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CD 44 list of defined terms FIF income: inserted, on 29 March 2018, by section 16(4) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CD 44 list of defined terms group of persons: inserted, on 30 March 2017, by section 23(7) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CD 44 list of defined terms market value circumstance: inserted, on 30 March 2017, by section 23(7) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CD 44 list of defined terms market value interest: inserted, on 30 March 2017, by section 23(7) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CD 44 list of defined terms related person: repealed, on 1 April 2010, by section 594 of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
Section CD 44 list of defined terms voting interest: inserted, on 30 March 2017, by section 23(7) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Attributed repatriation calculation rules[Repealed]
Heading: repealed (with effect on 30 June 2009), on 6 October 2009, by section 22(1) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
CD 45 When does a person have attributed repatriation from a controlled foreign company?
[Repealed]Section CD 45: repealed (with effect on 30 June 2009), on 6 October 2009, by section 22(1) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
CD 46 New Zealand repatriation amount
[Repealed]Section CD 46: repealed (with effect on 30 June 2009), on 6 October 2009, by section 22(1) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
CD 47 New Zealand property amount
[Repealed]Section CD 47: repealed (with effect on 30 June 2009), on 6 October 2009, by section 22(1) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
CD 48 Cost of tangible property
[Repealed]Section CD 48: repealed (with effect on 30 June 2009), on 6 October 2009, by section 22(1) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
CD 49 Cost of associated party equity
[Repealed]Section CD 49: repealed (with effect on 30 June 2009), on 6 October 2009, by section 22(1) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
CD 50 Outstanding balances of financial arrangements
[Repealed]Section CD 50: repealed (with effect on 30 June 2009), on 6 October 2009, by section 22(1) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
CD 51 Property transfers between associated persons
[Repealed]Section CD 51: repealed (with effect on 30 June 2009), on 6 October 2009, by section 22(1) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
CD 52 Unrepatriated income balance
[Repealed]Section CD 52: repealed (with effect on 30 June 2009), on 6 October 2009, by section 22(1) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
Prevention of double taxation
CD 53 Prevention of double taxation of share cancellation dividends
When this section applies
(1)
This section applies when—
(a)
a person derives an amount from the cancellation of a share in a company; and
(b)
the amount is income of the person under 1 of the following provisions (the other rules):
(i)
section CB 1 (Amounts derived from business); or
(ii)
section CB 3 (Profit-making undertaking or scheme); or
(iii)
section CB 4 (Personal property acquired for purpose of disposal); or
(iv)
section CB 5 (Business of dealing in personal property); or
(v)
any other provision of this Act outside this subpart.
Treatment of amount
(2)
For the purposes of the other rules, the amount derived by the person from the company is treated as if it were reduced, but not below zero, by the amount of any dividend derived by the person in relation to the cancellation, excluding any attached imputation credit.
Non-taxable dividends
(3)
Subsection (2) does not apply to the extent to which the dividend is exempt income of the person under sections CW 9 and CW 10 (which relate to income from equity).
Subsection (3)(b): formula[Repealed]
(4)
[Repealed]Definition of items in formula[Repealed]
(5)
[Repealed]Relationship of dividend exclusions to other provisions
(6)
Subject to subsection (2), the amount derived by the person from the company may be income of the person despite the fact that the amount is excluded from being a dividend by any of sections CD 22 to CD 27.
Relationship with section FA 3
(7)
This section is overridden by section FA 3 (Recharacterisation of certain dividends: recovery of cost of shares held on revenue account).
Defined in this Act: amount, cancellation, company, dividend, exempt income, imputation credit, income, income tax, share, tax year
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CD 42
Section CD 53(2): amended, on 1 April 2017, by section 24 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CD 53(3) heading: substituted (with effect on 30 June 2009), on 6 October 2009, by section 23(1) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
Section CD 53(3): substituted (with effect on 30 June 2009), on 6 October 2009, by section 23(1) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
Section CD 53(3): amended (with effect on 1 July 2011 and applying for income years beginning on or after that date), on 7 May 2012, by section 6(1) of the Taxation (International Investment and Remedial Matters) Act 2012 (2012 No 34).
Section CD 53(4) heading: repealed (with effect on 30 June 2009), on 6 October 2009, pursuant to section 23(2) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
Section CD 53(4): repealed (with effect on 30 June 2009), on 6 October 2009, by section 23(2) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
Section CD 53(5) heading: repealed (with effect on 30 June 2009), on 6 October 2009, pursuant to section 23(2) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
Section CD 53(5): repealed (with effect on 30 June 2009), on 6 October 2009, by section 23(2) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
Section CD 53(5)(b): amended, on 1 April 2008, by section 562 of the Taxation (Business Taxation and Remedial Matters) Act 2007 (2007 No 109).
Section CD 53(5)(b): amended, on 1 April 2008, by section 318 of the Taxation (Business Taxation and Remedial Matters) Act 2007 (2007 No 109).
Section CD 53 list of defined terms FDP: repealed (with effect on 30 June 2009), on 6 October 2009, by section 23(3) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
Section CD 53 list of defined terms FDP credit: repealed (with effect on 30 June 2009), on 6 October 2009, by section 23(3) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
Returning share transfers
CD 54 Replacement payments
The amount of a replacement payment derived by a person under a returning share transfer is income of the person when it is paid to the person.
Defined in this Act: income, pay, replacement payment, returning share transfer
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CD 43
Subpart CE—Employee or contractor income
Contents
Employment income
CE 1 Amounts derived in connection with employment
Income
(1)
The following amounts derived by a person in connection with their employment or service are income of the person:
(a)
salary or wages or an allowance, bonus, extra pay, or gratuity:
(b)
expenditure on account of an employee that is expenditure on account of the person:
(bb)
the value of accommodation referred to in sections CE 1B to CE 1E:
(c)
[Repealed](d)
a benefit received under an employee share scheme:
(e)
directors’ fees:
(f)
compensation for loss of employment or service:
(g)
any other benefit in money.
Benefit of accommodation[Repealed]
(1B)
[Repealed]Unrepaid overpayments
(1C)
A person who receives an amount that is an unrepaid PAYE income overpayment is treated as deriving the amount in connection with their employment or service—
(a)
for the income year in which they receive the amount, if paragraph (b) does not apply; or
(b)
on the payday for which the employment income information of the employer who paid the amount to the person includes an upwards adjustment for the amount under regulations made under section 23N of the Tax Administration Act 1994.
Repaid overpayments
(1D)
An amount received by a person that is a PAYE-related overpayment is not income of the person to the extent to which—
(a)
the amount has been repaid to the employer who paid the amount to the person:
(b)
the amount is repayable to that employer by the person under an agreement between them and none of the following apply:
(i)
the person breaches the agreement and does not remedy the breach within 2 months:
(ii)
that employer considers that the person will not comply with the agreement in the future:
(c)
the amount is recoverable under section 248 of the Accident Compensation Act 2001.
Meaning of accommodation
(2)
For the purposes of this section, and sections CE 1B to CE 1E, CW 16B to CW 16F, CW 17CB, CW 19B, CZ 23, CZ 23B, CZ 29 to CZ 30, and FP 22 (which relate to accommodation provided in connection with employment), accommodation—
(a)
includes—
(i)
board or lodging:
(ii)
the use of a house or living premises, or the use of part of a house or living premises, whether permanent or temporary:
(b)
does not include—
(i)
a berth, room, or other lodging provided on a mobile workplace, for example, a ship, a truck, an oil rig, or other similar workplace:
(ii)
a station in Antarctica:
(iii)
a room or lodging that is provided for a shift worker who is required in the performance of their employment duties periodically to sleep at their workplace when the accommodation is provided only for the duration of the performance of those duties, for example, fire-fighters, ambulance staff, care-givers, and other similar employees:
(iv)
the use of a room or other dwelling provided at a remote location outside New Zealand when a person’s employment duties require them to work at the location for a period and also require them to be absent from the location for a period, for example, miners in Australia who regularly fly to and from a mining camp and other similar employees.
Meaning of benefit in money
(2B)
In this section, benefit in money does not include a gift card unless—
(a)
the employer chooses to treat the provision of a gift card to an employee as an amount derived in connection with their employment; or
(b)
the provision of the card has a purpose or effect of defeating the application of the Child Support Act 1991.
Meaning of employer
(3)
Employer,—
(a)
in this section, in sections CE 1B, CW 16B to CW 16F, CZ 23B, CZ 29 to CZ 30, and FP 22 (which relate to accommodation provided in connection with employment), and in the definition of employee, paragraph (e), includes a person, whether resident or non-resident, who, in connection with the employment or service of an employee of the employer,—
(i)
provides accommodation for the employee at a distant workplace; or
(ii)
pays an amount for the employee’s accommodation at a distant workplace:
(b)
in sections CW 16B to CW 16F, CZ 23B, CZ 29 to CZ 30, and FP 22, includes a company that is part of the same group of companies as the employer.
Persons on shadow payrolls
(3B)
For the treatment of PAYE income payments made to a cross-border employee who undertakes employment services in New Zealand, see section CE 1F.
Reimbursement of employee expenditure for benefit
(3C)
For the treatment of a reimbursement payment made to an employee for incurring expenditure for a benefit, see section CE 1BA.
Amendment of exclusions by Order in Council
(4)
For the purposes of subsection (2), the Governor-General may by Order in Council make regulations to add to the types of accommodation that are excluded by paragraph (b) of the definition of accommodation from the rules relating to accommodation provided in connection with employment.
Application of Order in Council
(5)
An Order in Council under subsection (4) may—
(a)
come into force on a date that is not earlier than 1 April 2015:
(b)
apply for income years that do not precede the 2015–16 income year.
Secondary legislation
(6)
An Order in Council under subsection (4)—
(a)
is secondary legislation (see Part 3 of the Legislation Act 2019 for publication requirements); but
(b)
commences in accordance with subsection (5), even if it is not yet published.
Defined in this Act: accommodation, amount, benefit in money, cross-border employee, employee share scheme, employer, employment, employment income information, expenditure on account of an employee, extra pay, gift card, income, income year, New Zealand, non-resident, payday, PAYE income payment, PAYE-related overpayment, salary or wages, unrepaid PAYE income overpayment
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CE 1
| Legislation Act 2019 requirements for secondary legislation made under this section | ||||
| Publication | PCO must publish it on the legislation website and notify it in the Gazette | LA19 s 69(1)(c) | ||
| Presentation | The Minister must present it to the House of Representatives | LA19 s 114, Sch 1 cl 32(1)(a) | ||
| Disallowance | It may be disallowed by the House of Representatives | LA19 ss 115, 116 | ||
| This note is not part of the Act. | ||||
Section CE 1(1) heading: inserted (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 6 October 2009, by section 24(1) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
Section CE 1(1)(bb): inserted, on 1 April 2015, by section 14(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Employee Allowances, and Remedial Matters) Act 2014 (2014 No 39).
Section CE 1(1)(c): repealed (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 21 December 2010 (applying for the 2008–09 and later income years), by section 30(1) of the Taxation (GST and Remedial Matters) Act 2010 (2010 No 130).
Section CE 1(1)(d): amended, on 29 September 2018, by section 17(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CE 1(1B) heading: repealed, on 1 April 2015, pursuant to section 14(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Employee Allowances, and Remedial Matters) Act 2014 (2014 No 39).
Section CE 1(1B): repealed, on 1 April 2015, by section 14(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Employee Allowances, and Remedial Matters) Act 2014 (2014 No 39).
Section CE 1(1C) heading: inserted, on 1 April 2019, by section 132(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2018–19, Modernising Tax Administration, and Remedial Matters) Act 2019 (2019 No 5).
Section CE 1(1C): inserted, on 1 April 2019, by section 132(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2018–19, Modernising Tax Administration, and Remedial Matters) Act 2019 (2019 No 5).
Section CE 1(1D) heading: inserted, on 1 April 2019, by section 132(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2018–19, Modernising Tax Administration, and Remedial Matters) Act 2019 (2019 No 5).
Section CE 1(1D): inserted, on 1 April 2019, by section 132(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2018–19, Modernising Tax Administration, and Remedial Matters) Act 2019 (2019 No 5).
Section CE 1(2) heading: added (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 6 October 2009, by section 24(3) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
Section CE 1(2): replaced, on 1 April 2015, by section 14(3) of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Employee Allowances, and Remedial Matters) Act 2014 (2014 No 39).
Section CE 1(2): amended, on 1 April 2025, by section 13(1)(a) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2024–25, Emergency Response, and Remedial Measures) Act 2025 (2025 No 9).
Section CE 1(2): amended, on 1 April 2025, by section 13(1)(b) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2024–25, Emergency Response, and Remedial Measures) Act 2025 (2025 No 9).
Section CE 1(2): amended (with effect on 8 January 2023), on 28 March 2024, by section 16(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2023–24, Multinational Tax, and Remedial Matters) Act 2024 (2024 No 11).
Section CE 1(2B) heading: inserted (with effect on 16 April 2025), on 30 March 2026, by section 8(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2025–26, Compliance Simplification, and Remedial Measures) Act 2026 (2026 No 8).
Section CE 1(2B): inserted (with effect on 16 April 2025), on 30 March 2026, by section 8(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2025–26, Compliance Simplification, and Remedial Measures) Act 2026 (2026 No 8).
Section CE 1(3) heading: inserted, on 1 April 2015, by section 14(4) of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Employee Allowances, and Remedial Matters) Act 2014 (2014 No 39).
Section CE 1(3): inserted, on 1 April 2015, by section 14(4) of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Employee Allowances, and Remedial Matters) Act 2014 (2014 No 39).
Section CE 1(3)(a): amended, on 1 April 2025, by section 13(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2024–25, Emergency Response, and Remedial Measures) Act 2025 (2025 No 9).
Section CE 1(3)(a): amended (with effect on 8 January 2023), on 28 March 2024, by section 16(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2023–24, Multinational Tax, and Remedial Matters) Act 2024 (2024 No 11).
Section CE 1(3)(b): amended, on 1 April 2025, by section 13(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2024–25, Emergency Response, and Remedial Measures) Act 2025 (2025 No 9).
Section CE 1(3)(b): amended (with effect on 8 January 2023), on 28 March 2024, by section 16(3) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2023–24, Multinational Tax, and Remedial Matters) Act 2024 (2024 No 11).
Section CE 1(3B) heading: inserted, on 1 April 2019, by section 17(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CE 1(3B): replaced, on 1 April 2023, by section 16(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2022–23, Platform Economy, and Remedial Matters) Act 2023 (2023 No 5).
Section CE 1(3C) heading: inserted (with effect on 1 April 2025), on 30 March 2026, by section 8(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2025–26, Compliance Simplification, and Remedial Measures) Act 2026 (2026 No 8).
Section CE 1(3C): inserted (with effect on 1 April 2025), on 30 March 2026, by section 8(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2025–26, Compliance Simplification, and Remedial Measures) Act 2026 (2026 No 8).
Section CE 1(4) heading: inserted, on 1 April 2015, by section 14(4) of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Employee Allowances, and Remedial Matters) Act 2014 (2014 No 39).
Section CE 1(4): inserted, on 1 April 2015, by section 14(4) of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Employee Allowances, and Remedial Matters) Act 2014 (2014 No 39).
Section CE 1(5) heading: inserted, on 1 April 2015, by section 14(4) of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Employee Allowances, and Remedial Matters) Act 2014 (2014 No 39).
Section CE 1(5): inserted, on 1 April 2015, by section 14(4) of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Employee Allowances, and Remedial Matters) Act 2014 (2014 No 39).
Section CE 1(6) heading: inserted, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
Section CE 1(6): inserted, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
Section CE 1 list of defined terms accommodation: inserted (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 6 October 2009, by section 24(4) of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
Section CE 1 list of defined terms benefit in money: inserted (with effect on 16 April 2025), on 30 March 2026, by section 8(3) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2025–26, Compliance Simplification, and Remedial Measures) Act 2026 (2026 No 8).
Section CE 1 list of defined terms cross-border employee: inserted, on 1 April 2023, by section 16(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2022–23, Platform Economy, and Remedial Matters) Act 2023 (2023 No 5).
Section CE 1 list of defined terms employee share scheme: inserted, on 29 September 2018, by section 17(3)(a) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CE 1 list of defined terms employer: inserted, on 1 April 2019, by section 17(3)(b) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CE 1 list of defined terms employment: inserted (with effect on 16 April 2025), on 30 March 2026, by section 8(3) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2025–26, Compliance Simplification, and Remedial Measures) Act 2026 (2026 No 8).
Section CE 1 list of defined terms employment income information: inserted, on 1 April 2019, by section 17(3)(b) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CE 1 list of defined terms gift card: inserted (with effect on 16 April 2025), on 30 March 2026, by section 8(3) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2025–26, Compliance Simplification, and Remedial Measures) Act 2026 (2026 No 8).
Section CE 1 list of defined terms income year: inserted, on 1 April 2019, by section 132(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2018–19, Modernising Tax Administration, and Remedial Matters) Act 2019 (2019 No 5).
Section CE 1 list of defined terms New Zealand: inserted, on 1 April 2019, by section 17(3)(b) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CE 1 list of defined terms non-resident: inserted, on 1 April 2019, by section 17(3)(b) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CE 1 list of defined terms payday: inserted, on 1 April 2019, by section 132(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2018–19, Modernising Tax Administration, and Remedial Matters) Act 2019 (2019 No 5).
Section CE 1 list of defined terms PAYE income payment: inserted, on 1 April 2019, by section 17(3)(b) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CE 1 list of defined terms PAYE-related overpayment: inserted, on 1 April 2019, by section 132(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2018–19, Modernising Tax Administration, and Remedial Matters) Act 2019 (2019 No 5).
Section CE 1 list of defined terms share purchase agreement: repealed, on 29 September 2018, by section 17(3)(c) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CE 1 list of defined terms unrepaid PAYE income overpayment: inserted, on 1 April 2019, by section 132(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2018–19, Modernising Tax Administration, and Remedial Matters) Act 2019 (2019 No 5).
CE 1BA Reimbursement of employee expenditure for benefit
When this section applies
(1)
This section applies when an employer pays an amount to reimburse an employee for expenditure the employee has incurred for a benefit that, if the employer provided it directly to the employee, would constitute an unclassified benefit under section CX 37 (Meaning of unclassified benefit).
Employer election
(2)
The amount paid by the employer is, at the employer’s election, either—
(a)
employment income of the employee under section CE 1; or
(b)
an unclassified benefit under section CX 37.
Exempt income
(3)
If the employer chooses to treat the amount paid as employment income of the employee, as described in subsection (2)(a), section CW 17BA (Reimbursement of expenditure paid as employment income) applies to the payment.
Exclusion: payments for certain work-related meals
(4)
Subsection (2) does not apply when an employer pays an amount to reimburse an employee for expenditure to which section CW 17CB (Payments for certain work-related meals) applies and the time limit in subsection (5) of that section has elapsed.
Defined in this Act: amount, employee, employer, employment income, pay, unclassified benefit
Section CE 1BA: inserted, on 1 April 2026, by section 9 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2025–26, Compliance Simplification, and Remedial Measures) Act 2026 (2026 No 8).
CE 1B General rule: accommodation provided by employers
Value of accommodation
(1)
The value of accommodation provided to a person is income of the person when it is provided in relation to their employment or service. The value is an amount equal to the market rental value of the accommodation.
Value of accommodation allowances
(2)
The value of an accommodation allowance provided to a person is income of the person when it is provided in relation to their employment or service. The value is equal to the amount of the allowance paid to the person.
Payments and reimbursements
(3)
An amount paid for or towards the provision of accommodation for a person, whether as expenditure on account of an employee or as a reimbursement, is income of the person when it is paid in relation to their employment or service.
Adjustments to values
(4)
The value under subsection (1) may be adjusted as follows:
(a)
when more than 1 person referred to in that subsection shares in the accommodation provided, the amount may be—
(i)
apportioned equally among the number of persons referred to in that subsection who are sharing in the accommodation; or
(ii)
if the persons referred to in that subsection who are sharing in the accommodation agree with the person providing the accommodation, apportioned on another reasonable basis:
(b)
when the person to whom the accommodation is provided contributes towards their occupation of the accommodation, the amount may be reduced by the amount contributed:
(c)
when the person to whom the accommodation is provided uses part of the accommodation wholly or mainly for work purposes related to their employment or service, the amount may be apportioned between business use and private use.
Adjustments: allowances and amounts paid
(5)
Subsection (4)(b) and (c) may apply to adjust the value of an accommodation allowance or an amount paid for or towards the provision of accommodation under subsections (2) and (3).
Exceptions
(6)
Sections CE 1C and CE 1E override this section.
Defined in this Act: accommodation, amount, business, employer, employment, expenditure on account of an employee, income, pay
Section CE 1B: inserted, on 1 April 2015, by section 15 of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Employee Allowances, and Remedial Matters) Act 2014 (2014 No 39).
CE 1C Exception: overseas accommodation
Relevant local rental
(1)
Despite section CE 1B, if accommodation is provided at or near a work location that is overseas, the value of the accommodation is an amount equal to the relevant market rental value of accommodation in New Zealand. The relevant market rental value is determined taking into account—
(a)
the location where the person would be likely to work for their employer in New Zealand; and
(b)
the equivalent accommodation in New Zealand that the person would be likely to occupy; and
(c)
the average or median market rental value in the vicinity of the location referred to in paragraph (a).
Inclusion of allowances or payments
(1B)
For the purposes of subsection (1), the provision of accommodation at or near an overseas work location includes an accommodation allowance or an amount paid for or towards the provision of the accommodation when the amount of the allowance or payment is—
(a)
the actual cost to the employee for the accommodation; or
(b)
a reasonable estimate of the expenditure that is likely to be incurred by the employee, or group of employees, for whom the amount is payable.
When overseas rental is less than New Zealand equivalent
(2)
For the purposes of subsection (1), if the value of the accommodation in the overseas location is less than the New Zealand equivalent market rental value, the value that must be used is the value in the overseas location.
When location in New Zealand is uncertain
(3)
For the purposes of subsection (1)(a), if the location where the person would be likely to work for their employer in New Zealand is uncertain, the relevant market rental value is taken as either the average market rental value or the median market rental value, as applicable, for the whole of New Zealand.
Defined in this Act: accommodation, amount, New Zealand
Section CE 1C: inserted, on 1 April 2015, by section 15 of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Employee Allowances, and Remedial Matters) Act 2014 (2014 No 39).
Section CE 1C(1): amended (with effect on 1 April 2015), on 24 February 2016, by section 76(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2015–16, Research and Development, and Remedial Matters) Act 2016 (2016 No 1).
Section CE 1C(1B) heading: inserted (with effect on 1 April 2015), on 24 February 2016, by section 76(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2015–16, Research and Development, and Remedial Matters) Act 2016 (2016 No 1).
Section CE 1C(1B): inserted (with effect on 1 April 2015), on 24 February 2016, by section 76(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2015–16, Research and Development, and Remedial Matters) Act 2016 (2016 No 1).
CE 1D Exception: accommodation provided by Defence Force
When this section applies
(1)
This section applies for the purposes of section CE 1B(1) when accommodation is provided to a person who is a member of the Defence Force by the Navy, Army, or Air Force, as those terms are defined in the Defence Act 1990.
Market rental value
(2)
The market rental value of the accommodation is an amount equal to the lesser of—
(a)
the market rental value for the accommodation; and
(b)
the market rent payable for the national New Zealand Defence Force benchmark property for the type of accommodation provided to the person, less the discount applying to the type of accommodation.
National benchmark properties and discounts
(3)
For the purposes of this section, the Commissioner and the Chief of the Defence Force, in consultation with a registered valuer, must determine—
(a)
the number and location of national benchmark properties:
(b)
the types of accommodation represented by the benchmark properties:
(c)
a market rental value for each type of accommodation in the benchmark properties:
(d)
a discount applying to each type of accommodation in the benchmark properties.
Three-yearly review
(4)
A determination under subsection (3)(c) and (d) must be reviewed every 3 years. Either the Commissioner or the Chief of the Defence Force may instigate the review.
Defined in this Act: accommodation, amount, Commissioner, pay
Section CE 1D: inserted, on 1 April 2015, by section 15 of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Employee Allowances, and Remedial Matters) Act 2014 (2014 No 39).
CE 1E Exception: accommodation provided to ministers of religion
Income
(1)
Despite section CE 1B(1) and to the extent described in subsection (2), the value of accommodation that is provided to a person who is a minister of religion is income of the person when the property in which the accommodation is provided is supplied by the religious society or organisation of which they are a minister.
Limited amount
(2)
The amount of income for an income year is calculated using the formula—
remuneration × (1 − adjustment) + excess rental.
Definition of items in formula
(3)
In the formula,—
(a)
remuneration is the amount that equals 10% of the remuneration that the person receives for the income year for the performance of their duties as a minister from the religious society or organisation of which they are a minister:
(b)
adjustment is the adjustment referred to in subsection (4), and is the part of the amount that is the value of the accommodation for the income year apportioned to work-related use, expressed as a decimal fraction of the total value of the accommodation:
(c)
excess rental is the amount that is not less than zero that is the difference between—
(i)
the market rental value for the income year of the accommodation provided; and
(ii)
the market rental value for the income year of accommodation that is reasonably commensurate with the duties of the person as a minister and for the location in which they perform their duties.
Calculation of remuneration for purposes of section
(3B)
For the purposes of subsection (3)(a), the calculation of the amount of the item remuneration excludes the value of accommodation described in subsection (1) that is provided to the person.
Adjustments
(4)
An adjustment referred to in subsection (3)(b) is as follows:
(a)
if the person to whom the accommodation is provided uses part of the accommodation wholly or mainly for work purposes related to their duties as a minister, the amount is apportioned between that business use and private use:
(b)
if more than 1 person referred to in subsection (1) shares in the accommodation provided, the amount is apportioned equally between them.
Part-year
(5)
For the purposes of this section, if accommodation is provided for part of an income year, the reference to income year is read as a reference to the relevant part of the income year.
Meaning of minister of religion
(6)
For the purposes of this section, minister of religion—
(a)
means a person—
(i)
who is ordained, commissioned, appointed, or otherwise holds an office or position, regardless of their title or designation, as a minister of a religious denomination or community that meets the charitable purpose of the advancement of religion; and
(ii)
whose duties are related mainly to the practice, study, teaching, or advancement of religious beliefs; and
(iii)
whose accommodation is used as an integral part of performing their duties:
(b)
does not include a member of a religious society or order referred to in section CW 25 (Value of board for religious society members).
Defined in this Act: accommodation, amount, business, income year, minister of religion
Section CE 1E: inserted, on 1 April 2015, by section 15 of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Employee Allowances, and Remedial Matters) Act 2014 (2014 No 39).
Section CE 1E(3B) heading: inserted (with effect on 1 April 2015), on 24 February 2016, by section 77 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2015–16, Research and Development, and Remedial Matters) Act 2016 (2016 No 1).
Section CE 1E(3B): inserted (with effect on 1 April 2015), on 24 February 2016, by section 77 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2015–16, Research and Development, and Remedial Matters) Act 2016 (2016 No 1).
CE 1F Treatment of amounts derived by cross-border employees
When this section applies
(1)
This section applies in certain circumstances when an employer pays a PAYE income payment to a cross-border employee who provides services in New Zealand. For this purpose, the payment may include an amount paid to the person after they have left New Zealand that is a payment for services provided by the person while they were in New Zealand.
Amounts treated as derived 20 days after payment
(2)
When the employee remains on the employer’s payroll system in a country or territory outside New Zealand, the PAYE income payment is treated as derived by them on the 20th day after payment when the employer chooses to deliver their employment income information under section 23J(3) of the Tax Administration Act 1994.
Employees undertaking tax obligations
(3)
When an amount of tax is not withheld or when payment is insufficient as described in section RD 21, RD 62B, or RD 71B, as applicable, and the employee must undertake the relevant tax obligations in relation to employment, they must do so as if an employer, and, for this purpose, may pay the initial amount of tax for the payment as a lump sum.
Meeting or correcting employment-related tax obligations
(3B)
Subsection (3C) applies when the employer or other person that the PAYE rules apply to under section RD 2(2) has taken reasonable measures to manage their employment-related tax obligations, and—
(a)
the employee is a New Zealand resident working outside New Zealand for a period, and during that period the employee receives an unexpected PAYE income payment:
(b)
the employee is present in New Zealand for a period during which they—
(i)
have breached a threshold under section CW 19 (Amounts derived during short-term visits):
(ii)
have breached a threshold set out in a double tax agreement:
(iii)
have received an unexpected PAYE income payment in the period.
Grace period
(3C)
The employer or other person that the PAYE rules apply to has a 60-day period within which they must make a reasonable effort to meet or correct their tax obligations relating to the PAYE income payments, employer superannuation cash contributions, or fringe benefits made or provided to the employee for the time the employee was in New Zealand.
Timing
(3D)
The 60-day period referred to in subsection (3C) starts to run from the earlier of—
(a)
the date of the breach or the payment, as applicable:
(b)
the date on which the employer could reasonably foresee that a breach or a payment, as applicable, will occur.
Grace period when employee has undertaken obligations
(3E)
When the employee has undertaken to meet their employment-related tax obligations under subsection (3) for the period during which they are in New Zealand, the employee may be treated as the employer for the purposes of subsection (3C), making the grace period available to the employee.
Meaning of cross-border employee
(4)
For the purposes of this section and sections CE 1(3B), RA 15(4B), RD 62B, RD 65, and RD 71B, and sections 23IB, 120B, and 141ED of the Tax Administration Act 1994, a cross-border employee—
(a)
means—
(i)
for a person providing a service in New Zealand, an employee of a non-resident employer:
(ii)
for a person providing a service outside New Zealand, a resident employee; and
(b)
includes a secondee or a person who provides a service for or on behalf of a person who is not resident in New Zealand.
Defined in this Act: amount of tax, cross-border employee, double tax agreement, employee, employer, employment income information, fringe benefit, New Zealand, non-resident, pay, PAYE income payment, resident
Section CE 1F: inserted, on 1 April 2023, by section 17 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2022–23, Platform Economy, and Remedial Matters) Act 2023 (2023 No 5).
Section CE 1F(3B) heading: inserted, on 1 April 2024, by section 18(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2022–23, Platform Economy, and Remedial Matters) Act 2023 (2023 No 5).
Section CE 1F(3B): inserted, on 1 April 2024, by section 18(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2022–23, Platform Economy, and Remedial Matters) Act 2023 (2023 No 5).
Section CE 1F(3C) heading: inserted, on 1 April 2024, by section 18(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2022–23, Platform Economy, and Remedial Matters) Act 2023 (2023 No 5).
Section CE 1F(3C): inserted, on 1 April 2024, by section 18(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2022–23, Platform Economy, and Remedial Matters) Act 2023 (2023 No 5).
Section CE 1F(3D) heading: inserted, on 1 April 2024, by section 18(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2022–23, Platform Economy, and Remedial Matters) Act 2023 (2023 No 5).
Section CE 1F(3D): inserted, on 1 April 2024, by section 18(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2022–23, Platform Economy, and Remedial Matters) Act 2023 (2023 No 5).
Section CE 1F(3E) heading: inserted, on 1 April 2024, by section 18(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2022–23, Platform Economy, and Remedial Matters) Act 2023 (2023 No 5).
Section CE 1F(3E): inserted, on 1 April 2024, by section 18(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2022–23, Platform Economy, and Remedial Matters) Act 2023 (2023 No 5).
Section CE 1F list of defined terms double tax agreement: inserted, on 1 April 2024, by section 18(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2022–23, Platform Economy, and Remedial Matters) Act 2023 (2023 No 5).
CE 2 Benefits under employee share schemes
Benefit
(1)
A person who is an employee share scheme beneficiary described in section CE 7(a)(i) or (ii) receives a benefit for the purposes of section CE 1(1)(d) in relation to shares or related rights under the employee share scheme equal to the positive amount calculated on the share scheme taxing date using the formula—
share value − consideration paid + consideration received − previous income.
Definition of items in formula
(2)
In the formula in subsection (1),—
(a)
share value is the market value of the shares or related rights owned by an employee share scheme beneficiary on the share scheme taxing date, if the share scheme taxing date is not triggered by a transfer or cancellation of the shares or related rights:
(b)
consideration paid is the amount of consideration paid or payable by an employee share scheme beneficiary in relation to the transfer of the shares or related rights under the employee share scheme:
(c)
consideration received is the amount of consideration paid or payable to an employee share scheme beneficiary in relation to a transfer or cancellation of the shares or related rights under the employee share scheme, not including relevant shares or related rights under a replacement employee share scheme:
(d)
previous income is the total amount of income under section CE 1(1)(d) that the employee share scheme beneficiary has in relation to the shares or related rights before the date that is 6 months after the date of Royal assent for the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018.
Negative amount: deduction
(3)
A negative amount calculated using the formula in subsection (1) is a deduction of the person.
Positive and negative amount: cost of revenue account property
(4)
A positive or negative amount calculated using the formula in subsection (1) is added to the consideration paid by the person for acquiring the shares, for the purposes of section DB 23 (Cost of revenue account property).
Apportionment
(5)
For the person’s benefit under subsection (1), the portion of that benefit calculated using the formula is treated as non-residents’ foreign-sourced income—
benefit before reduction × offshore period ÷ earning period.
Definition of items in formula
(6)
In the formula in subsection (5),—
(a)
benefit before reduction is the amount of the benefit under subsection (1):
(b)
offshore period is the number of days in the item earning period on which—
(i)
the person is not resident in New Zealand; and
(ii)
any services the person performs for the relevant employer give rise to an amount of income that is a foreign-sourced amount:
(c)
earning period is the period ending with the vesting of shares or relevant rights in the employee share scheme beneficiary and starting with the earlier of—
(i)
the first date used to measure the person’s right in relation to the vesting of shares or relevant rights:
(ii)
the first date that the person has a right in relation to the vesting of shares or relevant rights.
When subsection (8) applies
(7)
Subsection (8) applies when an employer is required to provide employment income information under sections RD 22(3) (Providing employment income information to Commissioner) and 23E to 23H of the Tax Administration Act 1994, as modified by section 23K of that Act, in relation to a benefit received under an employee share scheme.
Deferral of income recognition
(8)
Despite section CE 1(1)(d), the employee share scheme beneficiary is treated as deriving employment income in relation to the benefit on the ESS deferral date.
Meaning of ESS deferral date
(9)
For the purposes of this section and sections RD 6 and RD 7B (which relate to employee share schemes), the ESS deferral date is the 20th day after the share scheme taxing date for the employee share scheme beneficiary.
Defined in this Act: amount, amount of tax, consideration, deduction, employee, employee share scheme, employee share scheme beneficiary, employer, employment income, employment income information, ESS deferral date, foreign-sourced amount, income, market value, non-residents’ foreign-sourced income, pay, replacement employee share scheme, resident in New Zealand, share, share scheme taxing date
Section CE 2: replaced, on 29 September 2018, by section 19 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CE 2(7): replaced, on 1 April 2019, by section 20(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CE 2(8): amended, on 1 April 2019, by section 20(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CE 2(9) heading: inserted, on 1 April 2019, by section 20(3) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CE 2(9): inserted, on 1 April 2019, by section 20(3) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CE 2 list of defined terms employer monthly schedule: repealed, on 1 April 2019, by section 20(4)(b) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CE 2 list of defined terms employment income information: inserted, on 1 April 2019, by section 20(4)(a) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CE 2 list of defined terms ESS deferral date: inserted, on 1 April 2019, by section 20(4)(a) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CE 2 list of defined terms PAYE income payment form period: repealed, on 1 April 2019, by section 20(4)(b) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
CE 3 Restrictions on disposal of shares under share purchase agreements
[Repealed]Section CE 3: repealed, on 29 September 2018, by section 19 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
CE 4 Adjustments to value of benefits under share purchase agreements
[Repealed]Section CE 4: repealed, on 29 September 2018, by section 19 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Definitions
CE 5 Meaning of expenditure on account of an employee
Meaning
(1)
Expenditure on account of an employee means a payment made by an employer relating to expenditure incurred by an employee or to be incurred by an employee.
Inclusion[Repealed]
(2)
[Repealed]Exclusions
(3)
Expenditure on account of an employee does not include—
(a)
expenditure for the benefit of an employee, or a payment made to reimburse an employee, under section CW 17 (Expenditure on account, and reimbursement, of employees):
(b)
an amount paid under—
(i)
sections CW 16B to CW 16F (which relate to accommodation expenditure):
(ii)
section CW 17B (Relocation payments):
(iii)
section CW 17C (Payments for overtime meals and certain other allowances):
(iv)
section CW 17CB (Payments for certain work-related meals):
(v)
section CW 17CC (Payments for distinctive work clothing):
(vb)
section CW 17D (Payments related to health or safety):
(vi)
section CW 18 (Allowance for additional transport costs):
(bb)
[Repealed](c)
expenditure, other than an amount to which paragraph (a) applies, that an employee pays in connection with their employment or service to the extent to which—
(i)
the amount of the expenditure is incurred by or on behalf of their employer; and
(ii)
the employee pays the amount on their employer’s behalf:
(d)
expenditure on an employment-related loan to which the fringe benefit tax (FBT) rules apply:
(e)
an employer’s superannuation contribution:
(f)
[Repealed](g)
[Repealed](h)
[Repealed](i)
[Repealed](j)
a premium for income protection insurance that an employer is liable to pay or make a contribution towards for the benefit of an employee.
Defined in this Act: additional transport costs, amount, contribution, employee, employer, employer’s superannuation contribution, employment, employment-related loan, expenditure on account of an employee, FBT rules, pay, premium
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CE 5
Section CE 5(1): replaced (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 2 November 2012 (applying for the 2008–09 and later income years), by section 11(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Returns Filing, and Remedial Matters) Act 2012 (2012 No 88).
Section CE 5(2) heading: repealed, on 30 March 2017, pursuant to section 25(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CE 5(2): repealed, on 30 March 2017, by section 25(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CE 5(3)(b): replaced, on 1 April 2015, by section 16(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Employee Allowances, and Remedial Matters) Act 2014 (2014 No 39).
Section CE 5(3)(b)(vb): inserted, on 1 April 2025, by section 14 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2024–25, Emergency Response, and Remedial Measures) Act 2025 (2025 No 9).
Section CE 5(3)(bb): repealed, on 1 April 2015, by section 16(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Employee Allowances, and Remedial Matters) Act 2014 (2014 No 39).
Section CE 5(3)(c): replaced, on 1 April 2015, by section 16(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Employee Allowances, and Remedial Matters) Act 2014 (2014 No 39).
Section CE 5(3)(f): repealed, on 30 March 2017, by section 25(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CE 5(3)(g): repealed, on 30 March 2017, by section 25(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CE 5(3)(h): repealed, on 30 March 2017, by section 25(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CE 5(3)(i): repealed, on 30 March 2017, by section 25(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CE 5 list of defined terms amount: inserted, on 1 April 2015, by section 16(3) of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Employee Allowances, and Remedial Matters) Act 2014 (2014 No 39).
Section CE 5 list of defined terms associated person: repealed, on 29 March 2018, by section 21 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CE 5 list of defined terms close company: repealed, on 29 March 2018, by section 21 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CE 5 list of defined terms dividend: repealed, on 29 March 2018, by section 21 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CE 5 list of defined terms employment: inserted, on 1 April 2015, by section 16(3) of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Employee Allowances, and Remedial Matters) Act 2014 (2014 No 39).
Section CE 5 list of defined terms life insurance policy: repealed, on 29 March 2018, by section 21 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CE 5 list of defined terms superannuation category 1 scheme: repealed, on 29 March 2018, by section 21 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CE 5 list of defined terms superannuation category 2 scheme: repealed, on 29 March 2018, by section 21 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CE 5 list of defined terms superannuation category 3 scheme: repealed, on 29 March 2018, by section 21 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CE 5 list of defined terms trustee: repealed, on 29 March 2018, by section 21 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
CE 6 Trusts are nominees
A trustee is treated as the nominee of a company (company A) to the extent to which the trustee’s activities relate to an employee share scheme or an exempt ESS and—
(a)
shares or related rights in company A are issued or transferred under the scheme:
(b)
shares or related rights are issued or transferred to company A’s employees, shareholder-employees, or associates of them, under the scheme.
Defined in this Act: associated person, company, employee, employee share scheme, exempt ESS, share, shareholder-employee, trustee
Section CE 6: replaced, on 29 September 2018, by section 22 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CE 6: amended, on 30 March 2021, by section 17(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2020–21, Feasibility Expenditure, and Remedial Matters) Act 2021 (2021 No 8).
Section CE 6 list of defined terms exempt ESS: inserted, on 30 March 2021, by section 17(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2020–21, Feasibility Expenditure, and Remedial Matters) Act 2021 (2021 No 8).
CE 7 Meaning of employee share scheme
Employee share scheme means—
(a)
an arrangement with a purpose or effect of issuing or transferring shares in a company (company A) to a person—
(i)
who will be, is, or has been an employee of company A or of another company that is a member of the same group of companies as company A, if the arrangement is connected to the person’s employment or service:
(ii)
who will be, is, or has been a shareholder-employee in relation to company A or in relation to another company that is a member of the same group of companies as company A, if the arrangement is connected to the person’s employment or service:
(iii)
who is an associate of a person described in subparagraph (i) or (ii) (person A), if the arrangement is connected to person A’s employment or service; but
(b)
does not include an arrangement that—
(i)
is an exempt ESS:
(ii)
requires market value consideration to be paid by a person described in paragraph (a) for the transfer of shares in the company on the share scheme taxing date:
(iii)
requires a person described in paragraph (a) to put shares, acquired by them for market value consideration, at risk, if the arrangement provides no protection against a fall in the value of the shares and none of the consideration for acquiring the shares is provided to the person under an agreement that it is used for acquiring the shares.
Defined in this Act: arrangement, associated person, company, consideration, employee, employment, exempt ESS, group of companies, market value, share, share scheme taxing date, shareholder-employee
Section CE 7: replaced, on 29 September 2018, by section 22 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
CE 7B Meaning of share scheme taxing date
Meaning
(1)
Share scheme taxing date means, in relation to shares or related rights under an employee share scheme, the earlier of the following dates:
(a)
the first date when the shares are held by or for the benefit of an employee share scheme beneficiary (beneficial ownership) and after which, under the provisions of the scheme,—
(i)
there is no material risk that beneficial ownership may change or that a right or requirement in relation to the transfer or cancellation of the shares may operate; and
(ii)
there is no benefit accruing to the employee share scheme beneficiary in relation to a fall in value of the shares; and
(iii)
there is no material risk that there will be a change in the terms of the shares affecting the value of the shares:
(b)
the date when the shares or related rights of an employee share scheme beneficiary are cancelled or are transferred to a person who is not associated with a beneficiary described in section CE 7(a)(i) or (ii).
Exclusions
(2)
For the purposes of applying subsection (1), the following requirements and rights are ignored:
(a)
a right or requirement in relation to transfer by the employee share scheme beneficiary for market value consideration at the time of the transfer:
(b)
a right or requirement that is not contemplated by the employee share scheme’s provisions:
(c)
a right or requirement that, at the time it came into existence, had no material risk of operating or no material commercial significance:
(d)
a right or requirement in relation to the transfer of shares, if the right or requirement is 1 that also applies to shares not under the employee share scheme.
Meaning for employee deferred shares
(3)
Despite subsections (1) and (2), if the shares are employee deferred shares under section EA 4B (Deferred tax for unlisted employee share schemes), the share scheme taxing date is the liquidity event date.
Example 1 – Simple vesting period
Acme Limited transfers shares worth $10,000 to a trustee on trust for an employee, Alice, of Acme Limited. Under the terms of the trust, Alice forfeits, for no consideration, any contingent interest or beneficial ownership in the shares if she leaves the employ of Acme Limited within 3 years of the transfer of the shares to the trustee. Alice stays for 3 years, and, under the terms of the trust, the shares are transferred absolutely to her on her 3rd anniversary of employment. It is a material risk, for the 3 years after the transfer to the trustee, that the terms of the trust will operate to forfeit any contingent interest or beneficial ownership in the shares. Consequently, the share scheme taxing date for Alice’s shares is her 3rd anniversary of employment.
Example 2 – Vesting subject to misconduct
Acme Limited transfers shares worth $10,000 to a trustee on trust for an employee, Bob, of Acme Limited. Under the terms of the trust, Bob forfeits, for no consideration, any contingent interest or beneficial ownership in the shares if he leaves the employ of Acme Limited because he is dismissed for serious misconduct within 3 years of the transfer of the shares to the trustee. It is not a material risk that the terms of the trust will operate to forfeit any contingent interest or beneficial ownership in the shares. The risk that Bob will be dismissed for serious misconduct within 3 years is not material. Consequently, the share scheme taxing date for Bob’s shares is the date when the shares are transferred to the trustee.
Defined in this Act: associated person, consideration, employee deferred shares, employee share scheme, employee share scheme beneficiary, liquidity event date, market value, share, share scheme taxing date
Section CE 7B: inserted, on 29 September 2018, by section 22 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Section CE 7B(3) heading: inserted, on 1 April 2026, by section 10(1) (and see section 10(3) for application) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2025–26, Compliance Simplification, and Remedial Measures) Act 2026 (2026 No 8).
Section CE 7B(3): inserted, on 1 April 2026, by section 10(1) (and see section 10(3) for application) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2025–26, Compliance Simplification, and Remedial Measures) Act 2026 (2026 No 8).
Section CE 7B list of defined terms employee deferred shares: inserted, on 1 April 2026, by section 10(2) (and see section 10(3) for application) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2025–26, Compliance Simplification, and Remedial Measures) Act 2026 (2026 No 8).
Section CE 7B list of defined terms liquidity event date: inserted, on 1 April 2026, by section 10(2) (and see section 10(3) for application) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2025–26, Compliance Simplification, and Remedial Measures) Act 2026 (2026 No 8).
Section CE 7B list of defined terms share scheme taxing date: inserted, on 1 April 2026, by section 10(2) (and see section 10(3) for application) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2025–26, Compliance Simplification, and Remedial Measures) Act 2026 (2026 No 8).
CE 7C Meaning of employee share scheme beneficiary
Employee share scheme beneficiary means, for an employee share scheme,—
(a)
a person (person A) who is described in section CE 7(a):
(b)
a person who is an associate of person A.
Defined in this Act: associated person, employee share scheme
Section CE 7C: inserted, on 29 September 2018, by section 22 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
CE 7CB Meaning of market value
Market value, for an employee share scheme—
(a)
has the same meaning as in section YA 1 (Definitions), definition of market value, paragraphs (a) and (b); and
(b)
includes, for a share or option quoted on the official list of a recognised exchange, at the time, an amount equal to the 5-day volume weighted average price or any other method that is accepted by the Commissioner or is comparable to the 5-day volume weighted average price, for such shares or options.
Section CE 7CB: inserted (with effect on 29 September 2018), on 23 March 2020, by section 94 of the Taxation (KiwiSaver, Student Loans, and Remedial Matters) Act 2020 (2020 No 5).
CE 7D Meaning of replacement employee share scheme
Replacement employee share scheme means, for an employee share scheme (the old scheme), another employee share scheme to which members of the old scheme are transferred.
Defined in this Act: employee share scheme
Section CE 7D: inserted, on 29 September 2018, by section 22 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2017–18, Employment and Investment Income, and Remedial Matters) Act 2018 (2018 No 5).
Attributed income
CE 8 Attributed income from personal services
When this section applies
(1)
This section applies when, under sections GB 27 to GB 29 (which relate to the attribution rule), a person is required to attribute an amount to another person.
Income
(2)
The amount attributed is income of the person to whom it is attributed.
Timing of income
(3)
The amount is allocated to the income year in which it is attributed.
Defined in this Act: amount, income, income year
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CE 8
Restrictive covenants and exit inducement payments
CE 9 Restrictive covenants
When this section applies
(1)
This section applies when—
(a)
a person (person A) gives an undertaking that restricts, or is intended to restrict, their ability to perform services as an employee, office holder, or independent contractor, whether or not the undertaking is legally enforceable; and
(b)
a person, whether or not person A, derives an amount for the undertaking.
Income
(2)
The amount is income of person A.
Exclusion
(3)
Subsection (2) does not apply if—
(a)
person A derives the amount because person A or an associated person sells a business to another person (person B); and
(b)
person A or the associated person and person B agree in writing that the transaction is the sale of a business; and
(c)
person A derives the amount as consideration for an undertaking by person A not to provide goods or services in competition with the goods or services that person B provides from the business; and
(d)
person A does not provide services to person B after the sale of the business, other than temporarily providing services incidental to the sale.
Sale of all shares in company
(4)
For the purposes of subsection (3),—
(a)
the sale of a business includes the sale of shares in a company, but only if the sale is of all the shares in the company held by person A or an associated person and the company—
(i)
carries on a business; or
(ii)
directly or indirectly wholly owns another company that carries on a business; and
(b)
in that case, the words “person B”
in subsection (3)(c) and (d) mean the company that carries on the business, whether the company referred to in paragraph (a)(i) or the company referred to in paragraph (a)(ii).
Sale of part of business
(5)
For the purposes of subsection (3), the sale of a business includes the sale of part of a business, if the part can be operated separately.
Avoidance arrangements
(6)
Section GB 30 (Arrangements to avoid taxation of restrictive covenant payments) may apply to treat an amount as income under this section.
Defined in this Act: amount, arrangement, associated person, business, company, employee, income, share
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CE 9
Section CE 9(4)(a): amended, on 30 March 2025, by section 15(1) (and see section 15(2) for application) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2024–25, Emergency Response, and Remedial Measures) Act 2025 (2025 No 9).
CE 10 Exit inducements
An amount is income of a person if they derive it for—
(a)
the loss of a vocation; or
(b)
the loss of a position; or
(c)
leaving a position; or
(d)
loss of status.
Defined in this Act: amount, income
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CE 10
Income protection insurance
CE 11 Proceeds from claims under policies of income protection insurance
When this section applies
(1)
This section applies when an employer is liable to pay, or contribute to the payment of, a premium under a policy of income protection insurance for the benefit of a person who is their employee.
Income
(2)
An amount that is or would be derived under the policy is income of the person.
Defined in this Act: amount, employee, employer, income, pay
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CE 11
Tax credits
CE 12 Tax credits for personal service rehabilitation payments
When this section applies
(1)
This section applies when a person has a tax credit in a tax year under section LB 7 (Tax credits related to personal service rehabilitation payments: providers).
Income
(2)
An amount equal to the credit is income of the person in the corresponding income year.
Defined in this Act: amount, corresponding income year, income, income year, personal service rehabilitation payment, tax credit, tax year
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CE 12
Section CE 12: substituted, on 1 July 2008, by section 319 of the Taxation (Business Taxation and Remedial Matters) Act 2007 (2007 No 109).
Subpart CF—Income from living allowances, foreign superannuation, compensation, and government grants
Subpart CF heading: amended, on 1 April 2014, by section 7 of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Foreign Superannuation, and Remedial Matters) Act 2014 (2014 No 4).
Contents
CF 1 Benefits, pensions, compensation, and government grants
Income
(1)
The following amounts are income:
(a)
an accident compensation payment:
(b)
an education grant:
(c)
a payment of a main benefit:
(d)
[Repealed](e)
a New Zealand superannuation payment:
(f)
a parental leave payment or preterm baby payment paid under Part 7A of the Parental Leave and Employment Protection Act 1987:
(fb)
a payment of earnings compensation under the Compensation for Live Organ Donors Act 2016:
(g)
a pension:
(h)
a veteran’s pension:
(i)
a retirement lump sum paid under Part 5, subpart 7 of the Veterans’ Support Act 2014:
(j)
weekly income compensation paid under Part 3, subpart 4 of that Act:
(k)
weekly compensation paid under Part 4, subpart 5 of that Act:
Some definitions
(2)
In this section,—
accident compensation payment means—
(a)
a payment under the Accident Compensation Act 1982 of earnings-related compensation that is not recovered or recoverable by, or refunded to, the chief executive of the administering department:
(b)
a payment under section 80(4) of the Accident Compensation Act 1982 that is not recovered or recoverable by, or refunded to, the chief executive of the administering department:
(c)
a payment of any of the following kinds under the Accident Rehabilitation and Compensation Insurance Act 1992, none of which is recovered or recoverable:
(i)
a vocational rehabilitation allowance under section 25; or
(ii)
compensation for loss of earnings under any of sections 38, 39, and 43; or
(iii)
compensation for loss of potential earning capacity under section 45 or 46; or
(iv)
weekly compensation under any of sections 58, 59, and 60; or
(v)
continued compensation under section 138:
(d)
a payment under the Accident Insurance Act 1998 of weekly compensation that is not recovered or recoverable:
(e)
a payment under a policy of personal accident or sickness insurance under section 188(1)(a) of the Accident Insurance Act 1998, as it was immediately before its repeal by section 7 of the Accident Insurance Amendment Act 2000, of compensation for loss of earnings or loss of potential earning capacity as it relates to work-related personal injury:
(f)
a payment under the Accident Compensation Act 2001 paid by the Corporation as defined in that Act, of weekly compensation that is not recovered or recoverable under section 248 of that Act:
(g)
a payment under section 81(1)(b) of the Accident Compensation Act 2001 paid by the Corporation as defined in that Act, for attendant care as defined in schedule 1, clause 12 of that Act:
(h)
a personal service rehabilitation payment for a person under the Accident Compensation Act 2001
(i)
[Repealed]education grant means a basic grant or an independent circumstances grant under regulations made under section 645 of the Education and Training Act 2020
pension—
(a)
includes a gratuitous payment made to a person or a trustee of their estate if that person, or their parent, child, spouse, civil union partner or de facto partner, former spouse, civil union partner or de facto partner, or dependant, provided services to the payer when the payment would not have been made if the services had not been provided; and
(b)
does not include a payment made to—
(i)
the person because of, and within 1 year after, the death of that parent, child, spouse, civil union partner or de facto partner, former spouse, civil union partner or de facto partner, or dependant:
(ii)
a trustee of the person’s estate because of, and within 1 year after, the person’s death.
Defined in this Act: accident compensation payment, amount, chief executive of the administering department, education grant, income, main benefit, New Zealand superannuation, pay, pension, personal service rehabilitation payment, veteran’s pension, year
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CF 1
Section CF 1(1)(c): replaced, on 30 March 2021, by section 141 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2020–21, Feasibility Expenditure, and Remedial Matters) Act 2021 (2021 No 8).
Section CF 1(1)(d): repealed, on 2 September 2013 (applying for the 2011–12 tax year and later tax years), by section 16(1) of the Social Assistance (Living Alone Payments) Amendment Act 2013 (2013 No 11).
Section CF 1(1)(f): amended, on 1 April 2016, by section 83 of the Parental Leave and Employment Protection Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 8).
Section CF 1(1)(fb): inserted, on 5 December 2017, by section 30 of the Compensation for Live Organ Donors Act 2016 (2016 No 96).
Section CF 1(1)(h): replaced (with effect on 7 December 2014), on 31 March 2015, by section 11(1) of the Taxation (KiwiSaver HomeStart and Remedial Matters) Act 2015 (2015 No 40).
Section CF 1(1)(i): replaced, on 31 March 2015, by section 11(2) of the Taxation (KiwiSaver HomeStart and Remedial Matters) Act 2015 (2015 No 40).
Section CF 1(1)(j): inserted, on 31 March 2015, by section 11(2) of the Taxation (KiwiSaver HomeStart and Remedial Matters) Act 2015 (2015 No 40).
Section CF 1(1)(k): inserted, on 31 March 2015, by section 11(2) of the Taxation (KiwiSaver HomeStart and Remedial Matters) Act 2015 (2015 No 40).
Section CF 1(1)(l): inserted, on 31 March 2015, by section 11(2) of the Taxation (KiwiSaver HomeStart and Remedial Matters) Act 2015 (2015 No 40).
Section CF 1(2) accident compensation payment paragraph (a): amended (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 7 December 2009, by section 7 of the Taxation (Consequential Rate Alignment and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 63).
Section CF 1(2) accident compensation payment paragraph (b): amended (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 7 December 2009, by section 7 of the Taxation (Consequential Rate Alignment and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 63).
Section CF 1(2) accident compensation payment paragraph (f): substituted (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 6 October 2009, by section 26 of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
Section CF 1(2) accident compensation payment paragraph (f): amended, on 21 December 2010, by section 189 of the Taxation (GST and Remedial Matters) Act 2010 (2010 No 130).
Section CF 1(2) accident compensation payment paragraph (g): substituted (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 6 October 2009, by section 26 of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
Section CF 1(2) accident compensation payment paragraph (g): amended, on 21 December 2010, by section 189 of the Taxation (GST and Remedial Matters) Act 2010 (2010 No 130).
Section CF 1(2) accident compensation payment paragraph (h): added (with effect on 1 April 2008), on 6 October 2009, by section 26 of the Taxation (International Taxation, Life Insurance, and Remedial Matters) Act 2009 (2009 No 34).
Section CF 1(2) accident compensation payment paragraph (h): amended, on 21 December 2010, by section 189 of the Taxation (GST and Remedial Matters) Act 2010 (2010 No 130).
Section CF 1(2) accident compensation payment paragraph (i): repealed, on 31 March 2015, by section 11(3) of the Taxation (KiwiSaver HomeStart and Remedial Matters) Act 2015 (2015 No 40).
Section CF 1(2) education grant: amended, on 1 August 2020, by section 668 of the Education and Training Act 2020 (2020 No 38).
Section CF 1(2) pension paragraph (a): amended, on 1 April 2026, by section 11(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2025–26, Compliance Simplification, and Remedial Measures) Act 2026 (2026 No 8).
Section CF 1(2) pension paragraph (b): replaced, on 1 April 2026, by section 11(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2025–26, Compliance Simplification, and Remedial Measures) Act 2026 (2026 No 8).
Section CF 1 list of defined terms income-tested benefit: repealed, on 30 March 2021, by section 141 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2020–21, Feasibility Expenditure, and Remedial Matters) Act 2021 (2021 No 8).
Section CF 1 list of defined terms living alone payment: repealed, on 2 September 2013 (applying for the 2011–12 tax year and later tax years), by section 16(1) of the Social Assistance (Living Alone Payments) Amendment Act 2013 (2013 No 11).
Section CF 1 list of defined terms main benefit: inserted, on 30 March 2021, by section 141 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2020–21, Feasibility Expenditure, and Remedial Matters) Act 2021 (2021 No 8).
Section CF 1 list of defined terms personal service rehabilitation payment: inserted, on 1 July 2008, by section 320(2) of the Taxation (Business Taxation and Remedial Matters) Act 2007 (2007 No 109).
CF 2 Remission of specified suspensory loans
When this section applies
(1)
This section applies when a public authority—
(a)
grants a loan to a person for a business that the person carries on; and
(b)
designates the loan as a specified suspensory loan.
Income
(2)
An amount remitted on the specified suspensory loan is income of the person.
Timing of income
(3)
The amount is allocated in equal parts to the income year of remission and the following 2 income years. However, the person may choose to allocate some or all of the amount in the following 2 income years to an earlier income year that is 1 of the 3 income years.
Business ceasing
(4)
If the person stops carrying on the business for which the specified suspensory loan was granted, an amount remitted that is allocated to a later income year is allocated to the income year in which the person stops carrying on the business.
Defined in this Act: amount, business, income, income year, public authority
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CF 2
CF 3 Withdrawals from foreign superannuation scheme
When this section applies
(1)
This section applies when a New Zealand resident derives a benefit (a foreign superannuation withdrawal) that is not a pension or annuity and arises from an interest in a foreign superannuation scheme (the scheme) that—
(a)
is not a FIF superannuation interest and is acquired—
(i)
when the person is a non-resident or is treated under a double tax agreement as being resident in a foreign country or territory:
(ii)
in a transaction referred to in subsection (21)(b) or (d) from a person who acquired the interest in the scheme when being a non-resident or when treated under a double tax agreement as being resident in a foreign country or territory:
(b)
is a FIF superannuation interest (a low-value FIF superannuation interest) from which the person does not have FIF income or loss because the person, although not acting as a trustee, does not meet the requirements of sections CQ 5(1)(d) and DN 6(1)(d) (which relate to when FIF income and FIF loss arise).
Income
(2)
The foreign superannuation withdrawal is income of the person if the benefit is in the form of—
(a)
an amount derived by the person as a member or beneficiary of the scheme:
(b)
an interest of the person in the scheme, withdrawn for reinvestment as an interest of the person in a superannuation scheme in New Zealand:
(c)
an interest of the person in the scheme, outside Australia, withdrawn for reinvestment as an interest of the person in a superannuation scheme in Australia:
(d)
an interest of the person in the scheme withdrawn for reinvestment as an interest of another person in a superannuation scheme.
Exception
(3)
A foreign superannuation withdrawal is not income of the person under subsection (2)(d) if—
(a)
the benefit is an interest of the person in the scheme that is withdrawn on the death of the person or under a relationship agreement arising from an event (the relationship cessation) that occurs when,—
(i)
for a marriage or civil union of the person, the marriage or civil union is dissolved or the person and the person’s spouse or civil union partner separate or begin to live apart (whether or not they continue to live in the same residence):
(ii)
for a de facto relationship of the person, the de facto relationship ends; and
(b)
immediately before the death or the relationship cessation, the person is a New Zealand resident who is treated under no double tax agreement as being resident in a foreign country or territory; and
(c)
the interest withdrawn is immediately reinvested as an interest, in a foreign superannuation scheme outside Australia, of another person who is—
(i)
a spouse, civil union partner, or de facto partner of the person immediately before the death or the relationship cessation; and
(ii)
a New Zealand resident who is treated under no double tax agreement as being resident in a foreign country or territory.
Amounts within other provisions
(4)
A foreign superannuation withdrawal derived by a resident is subject to—
(a)
section CW 28B (Foreign superannuation withdrawal in initial period of residency), if the person—
(i)
is a resident under section YD 1; and
(ii)
derives the foreign superannuation withdrawal in the exemption period referred to in subsection (6):
(b)
section CW 28C (Foreign superannuation withdrawal exceeding given amount), if the foreign superannuation withdrawal is derived in the person’s assessable period referred to in subsection (8), to the extent to which the foreign superannuation withdrawal exceeds—
(i)
the amount referred to in subsection (10) as the assessable withdrawal amount, if the person uses the schedule method; or
(ii)
the amount referred to in subsection (16) as the assessable withdrawal amount, if the person uses the formula method.
Eligibility for exemption period
(5)
A person has an exemption period referred to in subsection (6) for an interest in the scheme, other than a low-value FIF superannuation interest, if the person—
(a)
does not have, before acquiring the interest, an exemption period for an interest in a foreign superannuation scheme; and
(b)
acquires the interest as a non-resident; and
(c)
owns the interest as a non-resident until a date (the exemption commencement), whether before or after the commencement of this Act, when the person becomes a New Zealand resident.
Exemption period
(6)
The period (the exemption period) in which a foreign superannuation withdrawal may be exempt income of the person under section CW 28B is the period from the exemption commencement to the earlier of—
(a)
the end of the period of 48 months beginning after the month in which the person meets the requirements of section YD 1(2) or (3) ignoring the rule in section YD 1(4):
(b)
the date on which the person becomes a non-resident again.
Assessable withdrawal amount
(7)
The assessable withdrawal amount of the person, being the amount of a foreign superannuation withdrawal that is treated as not being exempt income, depends on the total period (the assessable period) referred to in subsection (8) for the person and the interest in the scheme.
Assessable period
(8)
The assessable period for the person and a foreign superannuation withdrawal arising from an interest in the foreign superannuation scheme—
(a)
if the person is a non-resident when they acquire the interest, begins on the later of—
(i)
the date when the person becomes, for the first time after acquiring the interest in the scheme, a New Zealand resident who owns the interest in the scheme:
(ii)
the end of the person’s exemption period:
(ab)
if the person is a resident who is treated under a double tax agreement as being resident in a foreign country or territory when they acquire the interest in the scheme, begins on the date when the person becomes, for the first time after acquiring the interest, a New Zealand resident who is treated under no double tax agreement as being resident in a foreign country or territory and who owns the interest in the scheme:
(ac)
if the person is a resident when they acquire the interest and paragraph (ab) does not apply, begins when they acquire the interest:
(b)
ends on the date when the person derives the foreign superannuation withdrawal (the distribution time):
(c)
does not include a period in which the person is a non-resident.
Methods for determining assessable withdrawal amount
(9)
The assessable withdrawal amount for a foreign superannuation withdrawal derived by the person is calculated for—
(a)
the schedule method under subsection (10), if paragraph (b) does not apply; or
(b)
the formula method under subsection (16), if—
(i)
the scheme is a foreign defined contribution scheme; and
(ib)
the interest is not a low-value FIF superannuation interest; and
(ii)
the person has the information required for the application of the formula method; and
(iii)
the person derives no withdrawal, other than a pension or annuity, from the scheme before 1 April 2014; and
(iv)
the person has not used the schedule method for the interest in the scheme; and
(v)
for a person who acquires the interest in the scheme of a spouse, civil union partner, or de facto partner by a transfer referred to in subsection (21)(d), the other person did not use the schedule method for the interest in the scheme; and
(vi)
the person chooses to use the formula method for the interest in the scheme.
Schedule method: assessable withdrawal amount
(10)
The assessable withdrawal amount under the schedule method is calculated using the formula—
(super withdrawal − contributions left) × schedule year fraction.
Definition of items in formula in subsection (10)
(11)
In the formula in subsection (10),—
(a)
super withdrawal is the amount of the foreign superannuation withdrawal:
(b)
contributions left is the lesser of the amount of the item super withdrawal and the total amount of recognised contributions under subsection (19) made in the assessable period before the distribution time, reduced, for each withdrawal (the earlier withdrawal), other than a pension or annuity, made in the assessable period before the distribution time, by an amount equal to the lesser of—
(i)
the amount of the earlier withdrawal:
(ii)
the value of the item contributions left, immediately before the time of the earlier withdrawal:
(c)
schedule year fraction is the fraction given in schedule 33 (Default fractions of foreign superannuation withdrawals), column 2 of the row for which the entry in column 1 corresponds to the greater of 1 and the number of income years beginning—
(i)
in the assessable period under subsection (8); and
(ii)
before the distribution time.
Formula method: distributed gain
(12)
Under the formula method, the part (the distributed gain) of a foreign superannuation withdrawal that is treated as consisting of gains made by the scheme during the assessable period is calculated using the formula—
(super withdrawal × calculated gains fraction) − other gains.
Definition of items in formula in subsection (12)
(13)
In the formula in subsection (12),—
(a)
super withdrawal is the amount of the foreign superannuation withdrawal:
(b)
other gains is the total amount of distributed gains referred to in subsection (12) for foreign superannuation withdrawals in the assessable period before the distribution time.
Formula method: calculated gains fraction
(14)
In the formula in subsection (12), calculated gains fraction is the greater of zero and the amount calculated using the formula—
(predistribution + withdrawals − value − contributions) ÷ predistribution.
Definition of items in formula in subsection (14)
(15)
In the formula in subsection (14),—
(a)
predistribution is the value of the interest in the scheme immediately before the distribution time:
(b)
withdrawals is the total amount of foreign superannuation withdrawals from the interest in the scheme in the assessable period before the distribution time:
(c)
value is the value of the interest in the scheme at the beginning of the assessable period:
(d)
contributions is the amount of recognised contributions under subsection (19) made to the interest in the scheme in the assessable period before the distribution time.
Formula method: assessable withdrawal amount
(16)
The assessable withdrawal amount under the formula method is the amount calculated using the formula—
gain × (grow rate − 1) × tax rate × (assessable years − 1) + gain.
Formula method: grow rate
(17)
In the formula in subsection (16), grow rate is the amount calculated using the formula—
(accrued total ÷ value) (1 ÷ assessable years).
Definition of other items in formulas in subsections (16) and (17)
(18)
In the formulas in subsections (16) and (17),—
(a)
gain is the amount of the distributed gain referred to in subsection (12) for the foreign superannuation withdrawal:
(b)
tax rate is the tax rate referred to in schedule 6, table 1, row 1 (Prescribed rates: PIE investments and retirement scheme contributions):
(c)
assessable years is the greater of 1 and the number of tax years beginning in the assessable period and before the distribution time:
(d)
accrued total is the value of the interest in the scheme immediately before the distribution time, increased by the value of foreign superannuation withdrawals from the interest in the scheme in the assessable period before the distribution time, and reduced by the value of recognised contributions under subsection (19) made to the interest in the scheme in the assessable period before the distribution time:
(e)
value is the value of the interest in the scheme at the beginning of the assessable period.
Recognised contributions
(19)
The value of a payment to the scheme is taken into account in the formulas in subsections (10), (14), and (17) as a contribution (a recognised contribution) if the payment—
(a)
is made when the person is a New Zealand resident who is treated as a New Zealand resident under all applicable double tax agreements; and
(b)
is made by the person, by the person’s employer, or for the benefit of the person; and
(c)
is required by the rules of the scheme; and
(d)
is subject to employer superannuation contribution tax or fringe benefit tax if made by the person’s employer.
Interests in superannuation scheme
(20)
For the purposes of this section, if a person acquires, under an arrangement with a foreign superannuation scheme that provides for contributions to the superannuation scheme by or for the person, rights (benefit rights) in the foreign superannuation scheme to benefit as a member or beneficiary from distributions by the superannuation scheme, the person holds an interest in the foreign superannuation scheme under the arrangement for the period beginning when the person acquires benefit rights under the arrangement and ending when the arrangement ends.
When person acquires rights
(21)
In determining when a person who acquires rights in a foreign superannuation scheme acquires an interest in the foreign superannuation scheme,—
(a)
if none of paragraphs (b) to (d) apply, the person is treated as acquiring the rights when the first contribution is made to the superannuation scheme, in relation to the rights, by or for the person; or
(b)
if the person is converting existing rights of the person in another foreign superannuation scheme (the former scheme) to corresponding rights of the person in the superannuation scheme, the person is treated as acquiring the corresponding rights when the person acquired the rights in the former scheme; or
(c)
if the person is acquiring existing rights in the superannuation scheme from another person, other than by a transaction to which paragraph (d) applies, the person is treated as acquiring the existing rights when the person acquires the rights; or
(d)
if the person is acquiring existing rights in the superannuation scheme of a New Zealand resident (the former owner) as a surviving spouse, civil union partner, or de facto partner of the deceased former owner, or as a former spouse, civil union partner, or de facto partner of the former owner under a relationship agreement arising from the end of the marriage, civil union, or de facto relationship, the person is treated as—
(i)
having owned the existing rights from the time the former owner acquired the existing rights; and
(ii)
having made all payments to the scheme that were made by or for the former owner; and
(iii)
having derived all distributions from the scheme that the former owner derived; and
(iv)
having been a New Zealand resident who is treated under no double tax agreement as being resident in a foreign country or territory and as having owned the existing rights during the assessable period of the former owner, at the time of the transfer, for the interest consisting of the rights; and
(v)
continuing to own the existing rights from the time of the transfer.
Relationship with rest of Act
(22)
If the assessable period for a person and an interest begins before 1 April 2014, this section overrides any provision of this Act that would otherwise quantify and allocate income of the person, from the part of the interest unaffected by withdrawals derived before 1 April 2014,—
(a)
for the period of ownership before 1 April 2014; and
(b)
not assessed for tax before 1 April 2014.
Defined in this Act: amount, assessable withdrawal amount, de facto partner, double tax agreement, FIF superannuation interest, foreign defined contribution scheme, foreign superannuation scheme, foreign superannuation withdrawal, income, income year, New Zealand resident, non-resident, relationship agreement, superannuation scheme, transitional resident
Section CF 3: inserted, on 1 April 2014, by section 8 of the Taxation (Annual Rates, Foreign Superannuation, and Remedial Matters) Act 2014 (2014 No 4).
Section CF 3(1): replaced (with effect on 1 April 2015), on 24 February 2016, by section 78(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2015–16, Research and Development, and Remedial Matters) Act 2016 (2016 No 1).
Section CF 3(1): replaced (with effect on 1 April 2014), on 24 February 2016, by section 78(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2015–16, Research and Development, and Remedial Matters) Act 2016 (2016 No 1).
Section CF 3(3): replaced (with effect on 1 April 2014), on 24 February 2016, by section 78(3) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2015–16, Research and Development, and Remedial Matters) Act 2016 (2016 No 1).
Section CF 3(5): amended (with effect on 1 April 2015), on 24 February 2016, by section 78(4) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2015–16, Research and Development, and Remedial Matters) Act 2016 (2016 No 1).
Section CF 3(7): amended, on 1 April 2026, by section 16(1) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2024–25, Emergency Response, and Remedial Measures) Act 2025 (2025 No 9).
Section CF 3(8)(a): amended (with effect on 1 April 2014), on 24 February 2016, by section 78(5) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2015–16, Research and Development, and Remedial Matters) Act 2016 (2016 No 1).
Section CF 3(8)(ab): inserted (with effect on 1 April 2014), on 24 February 2016, by section 78(6) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2015–16, Research and Development, and Remedial Matters) Act 2016 (2016 No 1).
Section CF 3(8)(ac): inserted (with effect on 1 April 2015), on 24 February 2016, by section 78(7) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2015–16, Research and Development, and Remedial Matters) Act 2016 (2016 No 1).
Section CF 3(9)(b)(ib): inserted (with effect on 1 April 2015), on 24 February 2016, by section 78(8) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2015–16, Research and Development, and Remedial Matters) Act 2016 (2016 No 1).
Section CF 3(20): replaced (with effect on 1 April 2014), on 24 February 2016, by section 78(9) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2015–16, Research and Development, and Remedial Matters) Act 2016 (2016 No 1).
Section CF 3(21) heading: replaced (with effect on 1 April 2014), on 24 February 2016, by section 78(10) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2015–16, Research and Development, and Remedial Matters) Act 2016 (2016 No 1).
Section CF 3(21): amended (with effect on 1 April 2014), on 24 February 2016, by section 78(11) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2015–16, Research and Development, and Remedial Matters) Act 2016 (2016 No 1).
Section CF 3(21)(a): amended (with effect on 1 April 2014), on 24 February 2016, by section 78(12) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2015–16, Research and Development, and Remedial Matters) Act 2016 (2016 No 1).
Section CF 3(21)(b): amended (with effect on 1 April 2014), on 24 February 2016, by section 78(13) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2015–16, Research and Development, and Remedial Matters) Act 2016 (2016 No 1).
Section CF 3(21)(c): amended (with effect on 1 April 2014), on 24 February 2016, by section 78(14) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2015–16, Research and Development, and Remedial Matters) Act 2016 (2016 No 1).
Section CF 3(21)(d)(i): replaced (with effect on 1 April 2014), on 24 February 2016, by section 78(15) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2015–16, Research and Development, and Remedial Matters) Act 2016 (2016 No 1).
Section CF 3(21)(d)(iv): replaced (with effect on 1 April 2014), on 24 February 2016, by section 78(16) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2015–16, Research and Development, and Remedial Matters) Act 2016 (2016 No 1).
Section CF 3(21)(d)(v): amended (with effect on 1 April 2014), on 24 February 2016, by section 78(17) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2015–16, Research and Development, and Remedial Matters) Act 2016 (2016 No 1).
Section CF 3 list of defined terms assessable withdrawal amount: inserted, on 1 April 2026, by section 16(2) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2024–25, Emergency Response, and Remedial Measures) Act 2025 (2025 No 9).
Subpart CG—Recoveries
Contents
CG 1 Amount of depreciation recovery income
An amount of depreciation recovery income that a person has is income of the person.
Defined in this Act: amount, depreciation recovery income, income
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CG 1
CG 2 Remitted amounts
When this section applies
(1)
This section applies when—
(a)
a person is allowed a deduction in an income year of an amount that the person is liable to pay; and
(b)
the person’s liability for the amount is later remitted or cancelled, wholly or partly; and
(c)
the remission or cancellation is not a dividend; and
(d)
the person is not required to calculate a base price adjustment by section EW 29 (When calculation of base price adjustment required).
Income
(2)
The amount to which the remission or cancellation applies is income of the person.
Timing of income
(3)
The income is allocated to the income year in which the remission or cancellation occurs.
How remission or cancellation occurs
(4)
Remission or cancellation occurs, for the purposes of this section, in 1 of the following ways:
(a)
a liability is remitted to the extent to which the person is discharged from it without fully adequate consideration in money or money’s worth:
(ab)
a liability is cancelled to the extent to which the person is released from it under the Insolvency Act 2006, except by—
(i)
being discharged from bankruptcy:
(b)
a liability is cancelled to the extent to which the person is released from it under the Companies Act 1993 or the laws of a country or territory other than New Zealand:
(c)
a liability is cancelled to the extent to which the person is released from it by a deed or agreement of composition with the person’s creditors:
(d)
a liability is cancelled to the extent to which it is irrecoverable or unenforceable through lapse of time.
Relationship with sections CG 2C to CG 2E
(5)
Sections CG 2C to CG 2E override this section.
Defined in this Act: amount, deduction, dividend, income, income year, New Zealand, pay
Compare: 2004 No 35 s CG 2
Section CG 2(4)(ab): inserted, on 30 March 2017, by section 26(1) (and see section 26(4)) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CG 2(4)(b): amended, on 30 March 2017, by section 26(2) (and see section 26(4)) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CG 2(5) heading: replaced, on 30 March 2017), by section 26(3) (and see section 26(4)) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
Section CG 2(5): replaced, on 30 March 2017, by section 26(3) (and see section 26(4)) of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
CG 2B Remitted amounts on discharge from bankruptcy
[Repealed]Section CG 2B: repealed, on 30 March 2017, by section 27 of the Taxation (Annual Rates for 2016–17, Closely Held Companies, and Remedial Matters) Act 2017 (2017 No 14).
CG 2C Remitted and other amounts: companies in liquidation
When this section applies
(1)
This section applies when—
(a)
a company that is part of a group of companies (company A) is allowed a deduction for an amount that it is liable to pay; and
(b)
company A’s liability for the amount is later remitted or cancelled, wholly or partly; and
(c)
company A includes some or all of the amount of the deduction in the calculation of a net loss for a tax year; and
(d)
the net loss is a tax loss component included in a tax loss of company A for a tax year under section IA 2(2) or (3) (Tax losses); and
(e)
after the inclusion of the amount of the deduction in its net loss, company A makes some or all of the tax loss available to another company in the group (company B) to subtract from its net income for a tax year; and
(f)
after making the tax loss available to company B, and at a time when company A and company B are in the same group of companies, company A is liquidated, struck off, or otherwise removed from the register of companies.
Income of profit company
(2)
An amount equal to the amount remitted or cancelled is income of company B.
Timing of income
(3)
Company B is treated as deriving the income on the date on which company A is liquidated, struck off, or otherwise removed from the register of companies.
No application to financial arrangements
(4)
This section does not apply to a liability that is a financial arrangement, whether or not the liability has been remitted or cancelled.
Relationship with other provisions
(5)